वर्णव्यवस्था
Varṇa and Social Order
The four varṇas, mixed castes, duties by birth and conduct, untouchability.
130 paragraphs across 7 volumes
Volume I: Part I 8 paragraphs
...3-25, Matsyapurāṇa 52. 8-10 (8 in all), Manu X. 63 (five), Yāj. I. 1. 22 (nine). Vide H. D...
...180 = Bauḍ Dh. S. II. 1. 62; Vaṣ 2.30 = Manu 10. 91 = Bauḍ Dh. S. II. 1. 52; Vaṣ 5. 3 = Man...
...compare Viṣṇu- dharmasūtra 16. 7–13 and Manu X. 47–50 ) and on p. 833 cites the avocations of...
...from those of Baudhāyana (I. 8. 6 ) and Manu (X. 6 ) and were inter- mediate between the lat...
..., anasūyānṛśaṁsyam, kṣamā ca ). Compare Manu X. 63 and Gaut. 8. 24. And he adds in I. 3. 1...
...out Śūdra) and quotes the first half of Manu X. 126; on V. S. II. 1. 1 quotes the whole of ...
...e, on Stripumsayoga verse 111 he quotes Manu X. 19 as Bhārgavi-saṃhitā and on Manu VIII. 2...
.... Dh. Vol. V. p. 1340 for referenceṣ On Manu X. 127 Medhātithi relies on 'Yāvad-vacanam 'vā...
Volume I: Part II 3 paragraphs
...quotes as smaraṇa a half verse which is Manu X. 41. Some verses quoted as Manu’s are not f...
...hich is food offered by an *ugra*. Both Manu (X. 9) and Yāj. (I. 92) provide that the son o...
...y brāhmaṇas such as sale of milk (as in Manu X. 92) or for visiting certain countries exce...
Volume II: Part I 88 paragraphs
...auḍ Dh. S. (I. 8. 8), Vasiṣṭha (18. 7), Manu (X. 13), Yāj. (I. 95) and other smṛti workṣ
...vijātis*. Commentators like Kullūka (on Manu X. 11) say that, as no marriage is legally po...
.... But very often they are confoundeḍ In Manu X. 27, 31 the word *varṇa* is used in the sen...
...mber than Gautama and Baudhāyana. It is Manu (X) and Viṣṇu Dh. S. (XVI) that for the fir...
...time of the nibandhakāraṣ Medhātithi on Manu X. 31 speaks of 60 mixed castes along with th...
...he reverse order is followed it is siṇ’ Manu (X. 24) says ‘mixed castes arise by members of ...
Gautama (IV. 18-19 ), Manu ( X. 64-65 ) and Yaj. ( I. 96 ) speak of a peculiar ...
...r rise or fall in jāti as stated below. Manu X. 65 extends the same rules to the offspring...
...ide above note 118 quoting the Ait. Br. Manu X. 36 says it was a low subcaste sprung from ...
...ntions 'antyas' and 'antyāvasāyins' and Manu X. 39 says that the antyāvasāyin is the offsp...
...pring of a kṣatriya from a vaiśya womaṇ Manu X. 47 prescribes the profession of medicine f...
...e Āśvamedhika (29. 15-16) says (just as Manu X. 43-44 do) that the Ābhiras, the Draviḍas and ...
... and a kṣatriya female. His avocation (Manu X. 48) is to pare wood, while Uśanas (verse ...
**Āvantya.** Same as Bhūrjakaṇṭha (Manu X. 21).
...ces where offenders are kept imprisoneḍ Manu X. 36 shows that the same caste is called Kār...
...ouse, field, hay for oxen from an ugra. Manu X. 49 says that the ugra should subsist by ca...
...ost of the names of people mentioned in Manu X. 44 are derived from countrieṣ Vide note on...
...a śūdra woman (i. e. he is an anuloma). Manu (X. 22) says that a kṣatriya who is a vrātya (i...
Kāmboja. Vide Manu X. 43-44. The country of Kamboja was known to Yā...
**Kārāvara.** According to Manu X. 36 he is a doubly mixed caste sprung from ...
**Kāruṣa.** According to Manu X. 23 this caste springs from the union of a ...
...ref-chapter-ii-varna-139">139 Manu X. 18 agrees with Bauḍ Dh. I. 9. 15. Accordin...
...u X. 4 says that this is a mixed caste. Manu X. 34 tells us that the inhabitants of Āryāva...
...rom a śūdra father and kṣatriya mother. Manu (X. 49-50) prescribes for him the same avocation a...
*Khāśa or khasa*. According to Manu X. 22 this is another name for karaṇa; while ...
...hu-Śātātapa ( 59 ) has a similar verse. Manu (X. 51-56) says that cāṇḍālas and śvapacas should ...
Cīna. According to Manu X. 43-44 the Cīnas were a kṣatriya caste reduced...
Cuñcu. According to Manu X. 48 the avocation of Meda, Andhra, Cuñcu an...
Jhalla. Manu X. 22 says that it is another name for Karaṇa...
*Darada*. Manu X. 44 names hiṃ Vide note on *khasa* above p....
...him among antyajas (vide footnote 173). Manu X. 34 says that mārgava, dāśa (dāśa ?) and ka...
..., according to Manu X. 22. According to Manu X. 43-44, this is a kṣatriya caste reduced to th...
...king on (and sale of ) hideṣ Kullūka on Manu X. 49 quotes a text of Uśanas that Dhig-vaṇas...
...e makes a living by going on the stage. Manu X. 22 says that he is the same as karaṇa, kha...
Nicchivi. Manu X. 22 says that this is another name for kara...
...d lives by catching fish. Medhātithi on Manu X. 8 does the same. Niṣāda occurs in the gaṇ...
Pahlava.—occurs in Manu (X. 43-44) as a kṣatriya caste reduced to the stat...
Pāṇḍusopāka. According to Manu X. 37 he is the offspring of a cāṇḍala male f...
Pārada. Vide Manu X. 43-44 and note on khaśa above. Pāradas are fr...
..., Āśvame-dhika 29. 15-16. Medhātithi on Manu X. 44 remarks that the Pauṇḍrakas are spoken ...
...g of a śūdra male from a vaiśya female. Manu X. 49 prescribes catching and killing animals...
**Puspadha.** Manu (X. 21) says that this is another name of āvant...
...i 65. 13-14 have the form paundra. Vide Manu X. 44 for paundraka and note on khaśa.
**Barbara.** Medhātithi on Manu X. 4 says that the barbaras are saṁkīrṇayoni...
Bhūrjakaṇṭaka. According to Manu X. 21 he is the offspring of a vrātya brāhmaṇ...
Madgu. Mentioned in Manu X. 48 as subsisting by killing wild beastṣ Ku...
Malla. Vide Manu (X. 22) who says that it is another name of Jha...
...ring of a śūdra from a kṣatriya female. Manu (X. 47) prescribes trade by land routes for Māg...
...ava. Same as kaivarta (fisherman). Vide Manu X. 34. Mālākāra or Mālika. Vide Veda-Vyāsa (I...
...that he dwells out-side the village and Manu X. 48 says that his business along with that ...
**Maitra.** Manu X. 23 says he is the same as Kāruṣa.
**Maitreyaka.** According to Manu X. 23 he is the offspring of a vaidehaka male...
... male and a kṣatriya womaṇ According to Manu X. 43–44 Yavanās were originally kṣatriyas reduc...
**Vātadhāna.** According to Manu X. 21 he is the same as āvantya.
**Vījanmaṇ** According to Manu X.23 he is the same as kārūṣa.
...om a vaidehaka female; and according to Manu X. 49 he makes his livelihood by beating musi...
...male from a vaiśya female. According to Manu X. 47 and Agnipurāṇa (151. 14) his peculiar w...
_Śaka_. Manu (X. 43-44 ) mentions Śakas along with Yava-nas and ...
_Śaikha_. According to Manu X. 21 he is the same as _āvantya_.
...a male from a vaiśya womaṇ According to Manu X. 51–56 cāṇḍālas and śvapacas follow the same a...
**Sātvata**. According to Manu X. 23 he is the same as kārūṣa above.
**Sudhanvācārya**. According to Manu X. 23 he is the same as kārūṣa above.
...i-varna-159">159 According to Manu (X. 47) and Viṣṇu the avocation of sūtas is dri...
...n race such as Ābhīra, Kirāta and Śaka. Manu (X. 43-45) and the Mahābhārata (Anuśāsana-parva 33...
...kṣatriya teacher). Gaut. (VII. 1-3) and Manu (X, 1, II. 241) lay down the same ruleṣ Manu (II. 242) ...
...ciating as a priest or by teaching. But Manu (X. 109–11) says that *pratigraha* from an unworthy...
...r the single grains of corn so left and Manu (X. 112) says that if a brāhmaṇa cannot maintain...
... a gift from anybody including a śūdra (Manu X. 102–103, Yāj. III. 41); but a brāhmaṇa should n...
... king and was also guilty of mortal siṇ Manu ( X. 98 ) allows a vaiśya, if unable to maintain ...
...support and benefit of the other varṇaṣ Manu (X.129) says that a śūdra, even though able to ...
...n one who is guilty of brāhmaṇa-murder. Manu ( X. 117 ) also forbids usury to brāhmaṇas and kṣa...
...for medicine also according to Nārada). Manu (X. 86–89), Yāj. (III. 36–38), Nārada (ṛṇādāna 61–...
...ked food and sesame with other articleṣ Manu (X. 94) allows the exchange of one *rasa* (liqu...
...re mere servants and money-lenderṣ Vide Manu X. 92 quoted above (p. 127). Parāśara (VIII. ...
... hunger; this is the instruction'. Vide Manu X. 114 for practically the same words and Viṣṇ...
...nd on account of possessing Vedic lore. Manu (X.3) uses almost the same words as Vasiṣṭha ...
...-of-varnas-154">154 ‘namah’). Manu X. 127 prescribes that all religious rites for...
...rāyaścittas, but without homa and japa. Manu X. 127 allows religious śūdras to perform all ...
... caṇḍālas as included among śūdras, for Manu X. 41 declares that all pratiloma castes are ...
...y-17">17 in his commentary on Manu X. 13 is positive that the only pratiloma who...
...them as above. Āp. Dh. S. II. 6. 13. 1, Manu (10. 5) and Yāj. (I. 90, 92)
Read in context →
Manusmṛti
10.5
...estion of the upanayana of mixed casteṣ Manu (X. 41) says that the six anulomas are eligible...
...anayana-274">274 In distress, Manu X. 116 and Yāj. III. 42 allow even such stipul...
...f vaiśyas there is still less material. Manu X. 1 lays down generally that the three varṇ...
...r quoting the Viṣṇupurāṇa IV. 23. 4 and Manu X. 43 declares that kṣatriyas existed till Ma...
...e should not learn the mleccha dialect. Manu X. 43-44 knew that many of the tribes called Puṇ...
Volume II: Part II 2 paragraphs
...ade as a means of livelihood is liquor (Manu X. 89 and Yāj. III. 37).
...d on twelve potsherds to Vaiśva- nara.’ Manu X. 89 forbids the sale of the horse and other...
Volume III 8 paragraphs
...r produce of the soil, but Kaut (V. 2), Manu (X. 118), Śānti 87, Śukra IV. 2. 9-10 permit the...
...0 and Śukra IV 2 13) From this and from Manu X. 119-120 it appears that the principal tax-payer...
...s satya), but the witnesses (relying on Manu X. 130 that where the punishment would be deat...
...laying down various means of livelihood Manu X. 115 enumerates seven sources of wealth as s...
...de that wealth (which is *dāya*), since Manu X. 115 enume-rates *dāya* among the seven appr...
...hould not partake of food at his house. Manu X. 88 forbids a brāhmaṇa to sell water, arms,...
...He is one of the ‘ratnins’ According to Manu X. 16 and Yaj I. 94 the offspring of a kṣatri...
Volume IV 7 paragraphs
...er on assigned to Caṇḍālas as stated by Manu X. 56 and Viṣṇu Dh. S. 16. 11 (vadya-ghātitva...
...ṇa*186. The Pr. V. relies on Manu X. 62 and a prose passage of Devala for the p...
...4 28) has an aphorism on this incident. Manu X.104 provides that he who, when in danger of...
...ing a shoemaker, a washerman, a *rena* (Manu X 19, 49, one who beats drum &c.), a fish...
...assert that what is pure can be sullieḍ Manu X. 109, however, regards acceptance of a gift ...
...as (except in marriage) and for śūdras (Manu X. 127, Yaj I. 10) but without Vedic mantraṣ T...
Volume V: Part II 14 paragraphs
...ya* male and a *kṣatriya* female' (vide Manu X. 71, Yāj. I. 93-94). The Arthaśāstra of Kau...
...imsā are the first two. Vasiṣṭha IV. 4, Manu X. 63, Yaj. I 122 prescribe certain virtues a...
...ture and the like (vide Gaut. X. 40-42, Manu X. 76-79). These are in the nature of niyamaṣ If...
...ersons of the three upper classes; when Manu (X. I) again lays down that the three classes ...
...nd was governed by the same rules (vide Manu X. 51-56). This verse is not to be taken literal...
... brāhmaṇa father and śūdra mother (vide Manu X. 8). He does not belong to one of the thre...
...difficult to say who borrow as even the Manusmṛti (in X. 44) mentions Pauṇḍrakas, Oḍras, Drāviḍas, K...
...Jāti is confounded with the word varṇa. Manu (X. 31 ) uses the word varṇa in the sense of mix...
...dras). Gautama-dharmasūtra (IV. 14-17), Manu X. 5-40, Yāj. I. 91-95 and many other works dil...
...al qualities and enjoin them on all meṇ Manu X. 63, Yāj. I. 22, Gaut. Dh. S. VIII. 23–25, ...
...the duties common to all as declared by Manu X, 63 and Yaj. I, 122. A secular state sh...
...mṛti times ( as in Chāndogya III. 17,4, Manu X. 63, Yāj. I. 122 ) and for Gandhiliji by wh...
..., 804; sale of, expressly for-bidden by Manu X. 89 and impliedly by Tai. S., but gifts of ...
...nd one of the five duties en- joined by Manu (X. 63 ) on men of all varṇas 1419–20; five occa...