Appendix to Section VI

Volume V: Part II pp. 1140–1151

Appendix to Section VI

Some important published texts consulted by the author on Tāntricism are set out here. Sanskrit works are arranged in the order of the Sanskrit alphabet, but are transliterated in English and their names are printed in italicṣ Information about authors, dates and editions is set out briefly where available.

Advayavajrasangraha of Advayavajra (11th century A. D.); contains 21 short works on Buddhist philosophy (in G.O.S.), eḍ by H. P. Shastri, with a valuable Introductioṇ

Arya-Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa (published in TSS in three parts and 721 pages); contains parts of different dates (from 4th to 9th century A. D.). It is Buddhist and included in Tibetan Kangyur. It has now 55 chapters, but a Chinese translation of 10th century has only 28 chapterṣ Dr. B. Bhattacharya ascribes it to 2nd century A. D.; but Winternitz disagrees (vide IHQ. IX. pp. 1 ff.). Jayaswal in 'Imperial History of India' gives the text of patalavisara 53 containing 1003 verses, out of which verses 6–344 deal with the biography of Buddha up to his nirvāṇa and real history is given from about 78 A. D. to 8th century A. D. in verses 345–980.

Īśanaśivagurudevapaddhati of Īśanaśivagurudeva miśra, in four parts, Sāmānyapāda, Mantrapāda, Kriyāpāda and Yogapāda; it contains about 18000 ślokas and is published in T. S. S.; it mentions Gautamīya Tantra, Prapañcasāra and Bhojarāja; composed about 1100 A. D. or a little later.

Kāmakalāvilāsa of Puṇyānandanātha, with the commentary Cidvalli of Natanānandanātha (Kashmir S. S.); there are 55 verses with tr. and notes by Arthur Avalon (pub. by Ganesh & Co. Madras, 1953), originally in Tāntrik Texts vol. X.

Kālacakratantra (Buddhist)–Vide J. A. S. B., Letters, vol. XXVIII (1952) pp. 71–76 for an account of this work by Biswanath Bandopadhyaya

Kalajñānanirṇaya—eḍ by Prof. P. C. Bagchi (in Calcutta S. Series, 1934); H. P. Shastri assigned the mṣ of it to 9th century A. D., but Prof. Bagchi (p. 3) places it in the middle of the 11th century A. D. It is ascribed to Matsyendrapāda in the colophonṣ Vide p. 1115, n 1820 above for Matsyendranātha.

Kalivilāsatantra—eḍ by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. VI (1917) in 35 paṭalaṣ In X. 20-21 it frankly allows adultery provided the sexual act is not completeḍ It mentions (in XX. 1) the Kālikāpurāṇa and in XV. 12-13 contains a mantra in a language resembling Assamese and Eastern Bengali.

Kulacūḍāmaṇi-tantra (eḍ by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. IV, 1915) in seven paṭalas and 430 verseṣ In I, 4-12 names of 64 tantras are citeḍ

Kulārṇava-tantra—It is in 17 ullāsas and contains over 2000 verseṣ It is a famous work profusely quoted (published in Tāntrik Texts, vol. V, London, 1917). It is an early tantra, probably composed before 1000 A. D. In the colophons it is said to be a tantra of the Ūrdhvāmnāya (the fifth of the five āmnāyas) and as part of the work of one lakh and a quarter verseṣ Vide A. B. O. R. I. vol. XIII. pp. 206-211 for a paper on ‘Kulārṇava-tantra, its extent and contents’ by Prof. Chintaharan Chakravarti.

Kaulāvalinirṇaya of Jñānānandagiri in twenty-one ullāsas, eḍ by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. XIV; in I. 2-14 names numerous Tantras including yāmalas and in I. 92-93 eight former gurus are nameḍ

Gaṇapatitattva – Old Javanese Text, critically edited, annotated and translated by Dr. ( Mrṣ ) Sudarśadevi Singhal (pub. by International Academy of Sciences, New Delhi, 1958 ); refers to Mūlādhāra and other Cakras with their positions and colours, six aṅgas of Yoga excluding yama, niyama, āsana and adding tarka; gives an account of the production of nāda from Niṣkala and of bindu from nāda and so on, of mantras, bījās &c.

Guhyasamājatantra or Tathāgata-guhyaka (Buddhist): It is published in G. O. S.; it is assigned to 4th century A. D. by Dr. B. Bhattacharya (in Intro. to Sādhanamālā, vol. II, p. XCV); vide p. 1050 above for criticism of this view. It probably belongs to the 5th or 6th century A. D. Vide notes 1673 and 1691. Gorakṣasiddhāntasaṅgraha published in S. B. Texts (1925); mixture of Yoga and Tantra. Cidgaganacandrikā; ascribed to Kālidāsa; eḍ by Trivikramatīrtha in Tāntrik Texts, Vol. XX. Jayākhyasaṃhitā (published in G. O. S.)—a Pāñcarātra work ascribed to 450 A. D. by Dr. B. Bhattacharya; contains some Tantra topics such as Yakṣiṇī-sādhana, Cakrayantra-sādhana, Stambhana. Jñānasiddhi of king Indrabhūti, disciple of Anaṅgavajra and father of guru Padmasambhava; pub. in ‘Two Vajrayāna Texts’ (G. O. S.); assigned to about 717 A. D. (Intro. p. 10); gives in a nutshell leading doctrines of Vajrayāna. Jñānārṇavatantra, pub. by Anaṇ Press, Poona; contains 26 paṭalas and about 2300 verseṣ Tantrarājatantra, eḍ in Tāntrik Texts, vol. VIII and XII and pub. by Ganesh & Co. Madras, 1954, with the commentary Manoramā by Subhagānandanātha; it has 36 chapterṣ It gives an account of the Kādimata. Tantrasāra of Kṛṣṇānanda, pub. in Ch. S. S.; about 17th century A. D. Tantrasāra of Abhinavagupta, a summary of Tantrāloka, pub. in Kashmir S. S. (1918). About the first quarter of 11th century A. D. Tantrūbhidhāna with Bijanighaṇṭu and Mudrānighaṇṭu, eḍ by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. I. (1913). Tantrāloka of Abhinavagupta with the coṃ of Jayaratha, pub. in Kashmir S. S. in several volumes; composed about 1000 A. D. Tārātantra, eḍ by Śrī Girisacandra and pub. in the Gauda-granthamālā No. 1 (1913); in 6 paṭalas and 150 verseṣ It declares that Buddha and Vasiṣṭha were Tāntrik sages of old and nine Kaula gurus whose names end in ‘nātha’ are mentioned; refers to Mahācīnākhya Tantra and provides for devotee (only male) offering his own blood to Tārā. Tārābhaktisudhārṇava, of Narasimha Thakkura, who was 5th in descent from Govinda Thakkura, author of Pradīpa, coṃ on Kāvyaprakāśa; composed about 1680 A. D.; eḍ by Pancaṇan Bhattacharya (in Tāntrik Texts vol. XXI, 1940); a large work in eleven Taraṅgas and 435 pages on the worship of Tārā, one of ten vidyās connected with Śakti (not the Buddhist divinity Tārā). The 9th Taraṅga deals with the horrible rite of Śavaśādhana (pp. 345-351). Tarārahasya of Brahmānanda, pub. by Jīvananda (1896); mentions Mahācīna, Nīlatantra, Yoginītantra, Rudrayāmala. Tripurārahasya of Hārītāyana, with coṃ called Tātparyadīpika of Śrīnivāsa; pub. in S. B. series; it is a discourse by Hārītāyana to Nārada. Tārākhaṇḍa portion of it is philosophical. Tripurāsārasamuccaya of Nāgabhaṭṭa with the coṃ of Govindācārya; pub. by Jīvananda (1897). Dakṣiṇāmūrti-saṃhitā on Śrīvidyopāsanā in 65 paṭalas and about 1700 verses; pub. in S. B. serieṣ Nityāṣoḍaśikārṇava (part of Vāmakeśvaratantra) with the coṃ Setubandha by Bhāskararāya (1700-1750 A. D.); pub. by Anaṇ Press (1944). Nityotsava of Umānandanātha (who bore the name of Jagannātha before dīkṣā and who was a Mahārāṣṭra brāhmaṇa patronized by the Tanjore Maratha Chief); this is a supplement to Bhāsurānandanātha (Bhāskararāya before dīkṣā) and composed the work in Kali era 'rasārṇava-karivedamiteṣu' (Kali 4846 i. e. 1745 A. D.). It is probable that the word arṇava is used for seven instead of for 4 as usual (i. e. 4876, equal to 1775 A. D.); pub. in G. O. S. (1923). Niṣpannayogāvali of Abhayākaragupta, a contemporary of King Rāmapāla of Bengal (1084-1130 A. D.). It is Buddhist. The author was a Professor at the Vikramśilā University in Bihar; describes 26 maṇḍalas, each having a central deity and other minor Buddhist deities that sometimes exceed 100. It is valuable for later Buddhism, its pantheon and ritual; pub. in G. O. S. (1949). Paraśurāmakalpasūtra, with coṃ Saubhāgyodayā of Rāmeśvara, pub. in G. O. S. (1923); earlier than 1300 A. D.; claims to be composed by Paraśurāma, son of Jamadagni and chief disciple of Lord Mahādeva. Pādukāpañcakā, eḍ by A. Avalon in Tantrik Texts, vol. II (1913). Pārānandasūtra, pub. in G. O. S. (1931); not earlier than 900 A. D., says Dr. B. Bhaṭṭācārya. Prajñopāya-viniścaya-siddhi of Anaṅgavajra, one of the 84 siddhas venerated in Tibet; Buddhist Vajrayāna work pub. in G. O. S. (1929); composed about 705 A. D. acc. to Dr. B. Bhattacharya in Intro. p. XII.

Prapañcasāra (ascribed to Śaṅkarācārya) with coṃ Vivaraṇa by Padmapāda; pub. in Tāntrik Texts (vol. III) and later a new ed in vol. XVIII–XIX (1939). Vide p. 1105 above. In 36 paṭalaṣ

Prāṇatoṣiṇi, compiled by Rāmatosaṇa Bhaṭṭacharya and pub. by Jivananda (Calcutta); it is a very large modern work in 1097 pageṣ

Brahmasaṁhitā, with the commentary of Jīva Gosvāmī; for Vaiṣṇavas; pub. in Tāntrik texts, vol. XV.

Mantramahodadhi of Mahīdhara with his own commentary; composed in Vikrama year 1645 (1588–89) A. D.; pub. by Jīv. and Venk. Presṣ

Mahānirvāṇatantra, with the coṃ of Hariharānanda Bhāratī. It is a leading but late work on Tantra, published very often; eḍ by A. Avalon in Tāntrik Texts, vol. XIII in 14 Ullāsas as the first part; the eḍ of 1929 by Ganesh & Co. has been used in this work; the third eḍ of 1953 differs slightly here and there.

Mālyaka-cakra-viveka of Svataṇtrānandanātha, with the coṃ of Śivānanda; pub. in S. B. series, 1934.

Māheśvaratantra, in 51 paṭalas and 3060 verses (pub. in Ch. S. S.); mentions that Tantras are 64 (1. 15 and 26. 11) and names 25 Vaiṣṇava tantras (26. 16–20) and holds that Bauddha tantras are misleading and meant for cruel rites (26. 21–22).

Merutantra; extensive work in 35 chapters, 821 pages and about 16000 verses; pub. by Venk. Press, Bombay, 1908.

Yoginitantra, published by Jivananda; q. by Raghunandana in Ekadāśītattva p. 58.

Yoginīhṛdaya—the last three chapters of Nityaṣoḍaśikārṇava (VI–VIII) are so calleḍ

Yoginīhṛdayadīpikā of Amṛtānandanātha, disciple of Puṇyānan-danātha, pub. in S. B. series, 1923; about 10th or 11th century A. D.

Rudrayāmalatantra, eḍ by Jivananda (2nd eḍ in 1892). A very extensive work in 66 chapters and in over 6000 verseṣ . (mostly in Anuṣṭubh metre), supposed to have been declared by Bhairavī to Bhairava (Śiva). It was said to be a huge work in a lakh and a quarter ślokas, e. g. D. C. mṣ No. 667 (i) of 1895-1902 called Dhanadāpurascaraṇavidhi states in the colophon that it is part of the Rudrayāmala (iti Rudrayāmala-sapādalakṣagrantho... Kiṅkiṇī-tantrokta-Dhanadā-purāscaraṇa-vidhiḥ; BORI cat. of msṣ, vol. XVI. on Tantra p. 247).

Lalitāsahasranāma with the coṃ Saubhāgyabhāskara of Bhāskararāya son of Gambhīrarāya, minister of the Bījapur Moslem king ; written in saṁvat 1785 i. e. 1729 A. D. ; Nir. eḍ of 1935.

Varivasyārahasya of Bhāskararāya (called Bhāsurānandanātha after dīkṣā) with his own coṃ called Prakāśa. He flourished between 1700-1750 A. D.; pub. at Adyar, 1934.

Viṣṇu-saṃhitā in 30 paṭalas; pub. in T. S. S. 1925.

Śakti-saṅgamatantra, in four parts, viz. Kālī, Tārā, Sundarī and Chinnamastā; three parts dealing with the first three pub. in G. O. S.; between 1505-1607 A. D. Vide Poona Orientalist, vol. XXI. pp. 47-49 (between 1530-1700 A. D.).

Śakti-sūtra—Vide Sarasvatībhāvana Studies, vol. X. (pp. 182-187); has 113 sūtras and coṃ on 19 sūtras; attributed to Agastya by the commentary: the sūtra mentions Jaiminī and Vyāsa.

Śāktapramoda (a recent work), compiled by Śrīrājadevanandasiṁha, chief of Śīvahara; pub. by Venk. Press, 1951; contains 17 tantras viz. Kālitantra, tantras called Ṣoḍaśī, Bhuvaneśvarī, Chinnamastā, Tripurabhairavī, Dhūmavatī, Bagalāmukhī, Mātāṅgī, Kamalātmikā, Kumārikā, Balidāna-krama, Durgā, Śiva, Gaṇeśa, Sūrya, Viṣṇu.

Śāradātilaka of Lakṣmaṇa-deśikendra (disciple of Utpala); one of the most famous works on tantra. Aufrecht (p. 64) enumerates several commentaries, the most learned and lucid of which is the Padārthādarśa of Rāghavabhaṭṭa, composed in saṁvat 1550 (i e. 1493-94 A. D.). Rāghavabhaṭṭa hailed from Mahārāṣṭra and was a resident of town Janasthāna (Pañcavaṭī) on the banks of the Godāvarī; pub. in Kashi S. S. and in Tāntrik Texts, vol. XVI and XVII. Śāradātilaka was composed about the 11th century A. D. Raghunandana expressly names Rāghavabhaṭṭa as the commentator of the Śāradatilaka in Jyotistattva p. 580. Śricakrasambhāratantra—A Buddhist work; Tibetan text and English translation by Lama Kazi Dawa Samdup and edited in Tantrik Texts, vol. VII by A. Avalon, 1919. Śyāmārahasya of Pūrṇānanda in 16 chapters, eḍ by Jivananda; 16th century A. D. Ṣaṭ-cakra nirūpaṇa, of Pūrṇānanda in 85 verses; pub. in Tāntrik Texts, vol. II; composed śaka 1499 (i. e. 1577–78 A. D. ). Sanatkumāra-tantra–is a dialogue between Sanatkumāra and Pulastya in eleven paṭalas and about 375 verseṣ Published by Jyestharam Mukundji in Bombay in 1905. It is a mixture of Yoga and tāntrik technique and inculcates the worship of Kṛṣṇa in Tāntrik bījas like ‘klīm, gauṁ &c’. Sādhanamālā, published in two volumes in G. O. S. with a long Intro. to vol. II by Dr. B. Bhattacharya; contains 312 Sādhanas, many of which are anonymous and are known to Tibetan Kangyur; Dr. Bhattacharya states that the Sādhanas range in dates from third century A. D. to 12th century A. D. Winternitz, in I. H. Q. vol. IX (pp. 5–6 ), does not accept the view that the Prajñāpāramitāsādhana was composed by Asaṅga. Sāmrājya lakṣmi-pīṭhikā—said to be part of Ākāśa-bhairava Mahātantra, published in Tanjore Sarasvati Mahal Series in 139 chapters, of which the first 30 are connected with mantra, japa, homa,; chapters 31 ff deal in detail with departments of State, coronation (chap. 43 ff ) and festivals like those of New Year, Rāmanavami, Navarātra, &c. Sekoddeśatīkā—a Buddhist work of Śrīnāpadāa,; text eḍ by Mario E. Carelli in G. O. S. with an Intro. in English. Saundaryalaharī, ascribed to the great Śaṅkarācārya, has numerous commentaries; eḍ by Sir John Woodroffe and pub. at Adyar (1937); eḍ of 1957 with three commentaries and English translation published by Ganeṣh & Co. Madraṣ There is an excellent edition of this work in 100 verses (text, English translation by Prof. W. Norman Brown, Harvard University Press, 1958). Śrīvidyāratnasūtra, attributed to Gauḍapāda (in 101 sūtras) with the commentary of Śaṅkarācārya, pupil of Vidyāraṇya, on 21 sūtras; eḍ by Pandit Gopinatha Kaviraja in S. B. Texts series, Benares (1924).

_Haṁsavilāsa_, of Haṁsamithu; pub. in G. O. S. (1937); the author was born in Gujarat in Vikrama year 1794 on Phālguna Full moon day (1738 A. D.). Though not a purely Tāntrik work it quotes many Tāntrik works such as the Kulārṇava (pp. 68–76), Kaularahasya (p. 104), Yogini-tantra (p. 103), Śāradātilaka (pp. 84–85, 105 ff). It deals with many other topics such as figures of speech, erotic subjectṣ

_Hevajratantra_, edited and translated by Dr. D. L. Snellgrove (Oxford University Press, 1959), in two partṣ This work came to the author's hands while this Appendix was passing through the Presṣ Part I (pub. in 1959) contains Introduc- tion (pp. 1–46), English translation (pp. 47–119), contents (pp. 121–125), diagrams (pp. 126–129), Glossary (pp. 131–141) and Index (pp. 142–190); Part II contains Sanskrit texts and Tibetan texts based on a Nepalese mṣ lent by Prof. Tucci; coṃ called Yogaratnamālā by Pandita Kanha has been included from an old Bengali mṣ The editor holds (part I p. 14) that Hevajratantra was in existence towards the end of 8th century A. D. and that Advayavajra-saṅgraha and Sekoddeśaṭīka borrow from Hevajra-tantra. Sādhanamālā No. 229 (two opening verses) are the same as Hevajra II. 8. 6–7. Hevajra is an invocation of vajra. On p. 11 part I the editor questions how the yogins could call themselves Buddhists when they experienced enlightenment in the embrace of a yoginī. Part I p. 70 mentions Jālandhara, Oḍḍiyāna, Paurṇagiri as pīṭhas and several upapīṭhas, upa-kṣetraṣ The term Śakti does not occur in Hevajra but its place is taken by Prajñā. Part II verses 11–15 p. 98 express how the followers of this tantra had sexual experiences with women called mudrās and how thereby they secured siddhi. Part I p. 54 contains ritual for gaining mastery over a young womaṇ Part II p. 2 states ‘Hekā-reṇa mahākaruṇā vajram Prajñā ca bhaṇyate; Prajñopāyāt-makam tantram tan-me nigaditam śṛṇu’. This is a very valuable addition to the literature on Tantra and has been very well editeḍ

Some important works and papers on Tantra—vide also note 1687 for works on Śakti cult. Catalogue of Palm-leaf and some paper msṣ in the Durbar Library of Nepal, by M. M. H. P. Sastri (1905). Tāranāth’s History of Buddhism in India (translated into German by A. Schleifner (St. Petersburg, 1869). Portions were translated into English in I. A. IV. 101 ff. and 361 ff. ‘Lamaism’ by L. A. Waddell (Allen & Co., London, 1895). ‘History of Buddhism in India and Tibet’ by Bu-stone translated from Tibetan by Dr. E. Obermiller. Descriptive catalogue of mss in the Library of Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. VIII (deals with 648 msṣ on Tantra in 892 pages). Bhandarkar’s Vaiṣṇavism, Śaivism &c. (in collected works, vol. IV. pp. 202–210 on Śāktas). Tantra of the Great Liberation (translation of the Mahānirvāṇa Tantra) with Introduction and commentary by Arthur Avalon (1913). Tantrik Texts edited by A. Avalon, vol. I–XXII, Introductions, notes, analysis &c. The Serpent Power by A. Avalon (1914), containing translation of Ṣaṭ-cakranirūpaṇa and Pādukāpañcaka (5th eḍ of 1953, by Ganesh & Co., Madras). ‘Principles of Tantra’ parts 1 and 2, eḍ by A. Avalon (1914, 1916) with a long Introduction to part 2. ‘Wave of Bliss’—translation of Ānanda-laharī (first fortyone verses of Saundarya-laharī) and comments by Sir John Woodroffe (1917). ‘Wave of Beauty’–translation of Saundarya-laharī (with text and commentaries) pub. by Ganesh & Co. (Madras, 1957). ‘Chakras’ by Right Rev. C. W. Leadbeater (Adyar, 1927) with plateṣ ‘Śivasamhitā’ - translation of - by Shrischandra Vidyarnava. ‘Thirty minor Upaniṣads’ translated by K. Narayanswami Aiyar. ‘Mysterious Kuṇḍalinī’ by Dr. V. G. Rele (1927). ‘Śakti or Divine Power’ by Dr. Sudhendu Kumar Das (Uni. of Calcutta, 1934). P. C. Bagchi's 'Introduction to Kaulajñāna-nirṇaya (Calcutta Sanskrit Series, 1934). 'Tibetan Yoga and secret doctrines' by W. Y. Evans-Wentz (Oxford Uni. Press, 1935). P. C. Bagchi's 'Studies in Tantras' (Cal. Uni. 1939). Dr. B. Bhattacharya's 'Introduction to Sādhanamālā vol. II, (G. O. S.) pp. XI-LXXVII; the same scholar's 'Introduction to Guhyasamājatantra (G. O. S.) and 'Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism' (Oxford University Press, 1932). 'Philosophy of Tripurā Tantra' by M. M. Gopinath Kaviraja in Sarasvati Bhavan Studies (1934), vol. IX. pp. 85-98. 'Some aspects of the philosophy of Śākta Tantra' by M. M. Gopinath Kaviraja in Sarasvati Bhavan Studies, 1938 vol. X. pp. 21-27. 'Buddhist Tantra Literature' by Prof. S. K. De in New Indian Antiquary, vol. 1, pp. 1-23. 'Influence of Tantras on the 'Tattvas of Raghunandana' in I. H. Q. IX. (1933), pp. 678-704 by Prof. R. C. Hazra. 'Influence of Tantra in Smṛtinibandhas' in ABORI vol. 15 pp. 220-235 and vol. XVI. pp. 203-211 by Prof. R. C. Hazra. 'The Tāntric Doctrine of Divine bi-unity' by A. K. Coomara-swamy in A. B. O. R. I. vol. 19. pp. 173-183; 'Comparative and critical study of Mantrasśāstra' by Shri Mohanlal Bhagavandas Jhavery (1944 ); Prof. Chintaharan Chakravarti's following Papers: 'Antiquity of Tantricism' in I. H. Q., vol VI pp. 114 ff; 'Controversy regarding the authorship of Tantras' in Prof. K. B. Pathak commemoration volume pp. 210-220; 'A note on the age and authorship of the Tantras' in Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, vol. XXIX (1933) No. 1 pp. 71-79; 'Ideals of Tantra rites' I. H. Q. vol. X. pp. 468 ff; 'Śākta festivals of Bengal and their antiquity' in I. H. Q. vol. 27 (1951) pp. 255-260; 'Application of Vedic Mantras in Tāntrik rites' in J. A. S. B., Letters, vol. 18 (1952) pp. 113-115; 'Kālī worship in Bengal' Adyar Library Bulletin, vol. XXI, parts 3-4 pp. 296-303; 'Tantras, their philosophy and occult secrets' by D. N. Bose (Calcutta, Oriental Publishing Co.); ‘Vajra and the Vajrasattva’ by Dr. S. B. Das-Gupta in ‘Indian Culture’ vol. VIII, pp. 23-32 ; ‘Introduction to Tāntrik Buddhism’ by Dr. S. B. Das Gupta ( Calcutta, 1950) ; ‘Philosophies of India’ by Heinrich Zimmer (1951) pp. 560-602 ; ‘The Veda and the Tantra’ by Shri T. V. Kapali Sastry ( Madras, 1951 ) pp. 1-255 ; * ‘Yuganaddha’ (which literally means ‘bound together or yoked together’ in the case of opposites ) ‘the Tāntrik view of Life’ by Dr. Herbert V. Guenther in Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, Banaras, ‘Studies’ vol. III. ( 1952 ) ;

The following articles in the Cultural Heritage of India vol. IV, viz. ‘Evolution of the Tantras,’ by Dr. P. C. Bagchi pp. 211-226 ; ‘Tantra as a way of realization’ by Swami Pratya-gātmānanda, pp. 227-240; ‘The Spirit and Culture of the Tantras’ pp. 241-251 by Mr. Atal Behari Ghosh ; ‘Śakti Cult in South India’ by Shri K. R. Venkataraman, pp. 252-259; Tāntrik culture among the Buddhists’ by Dr. B. Bhattacharya pp. 260-272 ; ‘The cult of the Buddhist Siddhāchāryas’ pp. 273-279 by Prof. P. V. Bapat. 'History of Philosophy, Eastern and Western' eḍ by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, vol. I, pp. 401-428 on 'Exposition of Śākta belief' by M. M. Gopinath Kaviraj (1953). 'Yoga, immortality and freedom' by Mircea Eliade translated from French by Willard Trask (pub. by Routledge, Kegan, Paul, London, 1958), pp. 200-273 for 'Yoga and Tantrism'. 'Tibetan Book of the Dead' by Dr. W. Y. Evans-Wentz (3rd eḍ, Oxford University Press, 1957). 'Tibetan Yoga' by Bernard Bromage (2nd eḍ 1959 by Aquarium Press) – deals with magical and religious practices of Tibetans, spells, and exercises which are deemed to produce supernatural powerṣ