3
Vanaparva
The Book of the Forest — twelve years in exile, tīrthayātrā, Nala and Damayantī.
292 references across 8 volumes
Most-Cited Adhyāyas
Adhyāya 85 (12)Adhyāya 150 (8)Adhyāya 200 (6)Adhyāya 2 (6)Adhyāya 83 (6)Adhyāya 207 (5)Adhyāya 1 (5)Adhyāya 84 (5)Adhyāya 180 (4)Adhyāya 32 (4)
Volume I: Part I 82 references
1 Meaning Of Dharma 1
...re are several other more or less one-sided definitions of dharma such as ‘ahimsā paramo dharmaḥ’ (Anuśāsanaparva 115. 1), ‘ānṛśamsyam paro dharmaḥ’ (Vanaparva 373. 76), ‘ācārah paramo dharmaḥ’ (Manu I. 108). Harita defined dharma as ‘śrutipramāṇaka
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373.76
7 Dharmasutra Of Āpastamba 1
...18 ), while another closely approaches that metre (I. 9. 27. 11 ). Besides these, there are a few half-verses, II. 5. 11. 5–6 (same as latter half of Vanaparva 133. 1), II. 9. 21 10 ( Manu 6. 43 has the first pāda ). Thus in all there are about twenty verses, of which at least six occur in Baudhāyana. Some sūtras t...
9 Vasishtha Dharmasutra 2
...ith slight variations of which the first five are quoted as Atri's by the Gṛhastharatnākara p. 245 and verse 6 ('agnerepatyam' occurs in Padmapurāṇa, Vanaparva 200. 128 (Ch. eḍ), Saṁvarta (77) Inscriptionṣ Vide H. of Dh. Vol. II. p. 1272, No. 5 (in some cases the third pāda of ‘Agnerepatyam’ is different). Verses 18-...
...āharaṇti’ over forty timeṣ Towards the end of the present text (edition of Vaṣ, chap. 30. 9-10) occurs the verse ‘yā dustyajā’ &c., which is found in Vanaparva 2. 36, Śānti-parva 174, 55 and 276. 12 and Anuśāsana 7. 21. The last sūtra (of Vasiṣṭha Dh. S.) contains an obeisance to Vasiṣṭha who is described as the s...
11 The Dharmasutra Of Harita 1
...in Bauḍ Dh. S. II. 1. 49). Vasiṣṭha quotes Hārita in II. 6 (a verse the first half of which is in Manu 2. 171 and the 2nd half in Manu II. 172 and in Vanaparva 180. 35). Vide also Bauḍ Dh. S. I. 2. 7 (which is almost the same verse as in Vaṣ II. 6 and seems to be a quotation as 'iti' is added at the enḍ Āpastamba qu...
14 Arthashastra Of Kautilya 16
...nītiśāstra or simply Nītiśāstra. The Mahābhārata descants on Raja- dharma in several _parvans_, as in Sabhā 5 ( the chapter called _kuccit-prasna_ ), Vanaparva 150, Uddyoga ( chap. 33-34 ). In Sabhā 5 one hundred verses occur on Rajanīti; for example, ( verse 41 refers to 18 _tirthas_ ( state dignitaries ) teste...
...me (viz. Vārtā) was given to the three viz. agriculture, rearing cattle, trade and commerce (*vāṇijya*) including various artṣ Vide Sabhāparva 5. 83, Vanaparva 150. 30-31, Śāntiparva 59. 33, 68. 35, 268. 3. The epic says ‘Vārtāmūlo hyayam lokastrai yyā vai dhāryate sadā’ ( Śānti 68. 35 ). The Rāmāyaṇa also ( II. 100. 4...
...smin gāvaḥ sasyāni ca vartante*) on Vārtika 4 in Pāṇ. V. 2. 135 (Kielhorn’s eḍ Vol. II. p. 40). The Droṇaparva (7. 1) speaks of Mānavi Arthavidyā and Vanaparva (35. 21) states that Manu declared Rājadharmaṣ Unless there existed some authority that regulated the people and their doings there would have been chaos and ...
In the Vanaparva (32. 61) Draupadi says that her brothers were taught the Nīti of Bṛhaspati and in Vana. 150. 29 it is stated that men are supported by ( or held to the right ...
...se there are several recensions of it. But in this particular case, unfortunately for Dr. Barua, Nepāla is mentioned in the digvijaya of Karṇa in the Vanaparva ( chap. 254. 7 'sa Haimavatikān jitvā karam sarvān-adā- payat | Nepālaviṣaye ye ca rājānas-tān-avājayat ǁ ).
...hat Paraśurāma wrested the earth from the Kṣatriyas as many as 21 times, performed sacrifices and donated the earth to Kaśyapa and the priests ( vide Vanaparva, 117. 9–11) ‘triḥsaptakṛtvaḥ pṛthivīm kṛtvā niḥkṣatriyām prabhuh... | tato yajñena mahatā Jamadagnyah pratāpavān । tarpayāmāsa devendram-ṛtvigbhyaḥ p...
... country, dress, profession, speech and birth. It should not be supposed that Kauṭilya stands alone in recom- mending secret practices of poisonṣ The Vanaparva210 refers to the employment of secret practices to the accompaniment of mantras and muttered words declared in the Atharvaveda.
...ya-94">94 Manu also (in I. 118 and IV. 30) employs the words Pāṣaṇḍa and Pāṣaṇḍin in the sense of heretical sect or monk. Ādiparva 140. 63, Vana- parva 188. 49, Anuśāsanaparva 23. 67 also employ the word in the same sense as in Manu. But Aśoka employs the word *pāṣaṇḍa* in the sense of a religious order or s...
...later oṇ Therefore, when the A. mentions them together it follows that its age may be at least that of the Vārtikakāra ( i. e. about 300 B. C. ). The Vanaparva ( 274. 15-17 ) states that Kubera is lord of wealth, immortal, a Lokapāla and a friend of Śiva and king of Yakṣaṣ
*Ādi*—73. 8-12 ( compare Manu III. 20-21, 23, 24-25 ); this last is same as Manu III. 25 ; *Ādi* 120. 36 ( on 12 kinds of sons ), *Vanaparva* ( 180. 34-35 ) same as Manu ( II. 29, 170, 172 ), *Udyoga* 37. 1., *Śānti* 21. 11-12 ; *Anuśāsana* 114. 12.
...kam Manoh Śrutvanuśāsanam* ) ; compare Manu VIII. 18 for same view ) ; *Anuśāsana* 65. 3, 67. 19 ( Manu III. 5 first half same ), 68. 31, 115. 52–53; Vanaparva 32. 39 ( kartavyam eva karmeti Manor–eşa viniścayah ), 35. 21 ( Manu on Rājadharma ).
...e viz. the Mahābhārata, Dharm- śāstra and Arthaśāstra. But it should be noted that the extant Mahābhārata several times refers to Dharmaśāstras as in Vanaparva 207. 83, 293. 34, 313. 105, Śānti 167. 4, Anuśāsana 9. 6–7. These verses might be later additionṣ
...3-79) and is one of the very popular and fascinating stories in the Mahābhārata. In the extant epic Puṣkara is said to have been the brother of Nala (Vanaparva 50. 4 ff) and won in the gambling bout, while A. states that it was Jayatsena that defeated Nala in gambling. Nala is stated in the epic to have been the s...
...isthira and Nala engaged in gambling is mentioned by A. in VIII.3.43. The story of Nala (and Damayanti, his queen) is narrated at great length in the Vanaparva (chap. 53-79) and is one of the very popular and fascinating stories in the Mahābhārata. In the extant epic Puṣkara is said to have been the brother ...
...description of Kārtavirya's prowesṣ The story of Vātapi and Agastya (referred to in A. I. 6. 10 ) occurs in the Rāmāyaṇa and also in the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva 98–99). For Ambarīṣa vide above and Śāntiparva 29. In A. XIII. 3. 54–55 reference is made to a secret agent with a shaved head or with matted hair. a...
...tory of Arjuna also called Kārtavirya (or Sahasrāārjuna) king of the Hāihayas and ruler at Māhiṣmatī occurs several times in the Mahābhārata (viz, in Vanaparva 115. 9ff, Śānti 49.35ff, Anuśāsana 153. 3 ff. and Āśvamedhika Chap. 29) and Śāntiparva (46.53) states that Kārtavirya and his sons and descendants were kill...
19 Kashyapa And Kāshyapa 2
...prāyaścitta for homo-sexuality and masturbatioṇ “Pumsi maithunamāsevya yatnotsarge kṛte tathā | brahmacāri tathābhyāsāt snātvātha haviṣā yajet ‖” The Vanaparva (29. 35–40) sets out five gāthās which Kāśyapa declared about kṣamā (forbearance or mildness). Two of the five verses on kṣamā are quoted below: * Prof. T. R. Ch...
...-kashyapa-and-kāshyapa-1" id="fnref-19-kashyapa-and-kāshyapa-1">1 This verse is ascribed to Kātyāyana in the Smṛticandrikā (I. p. 87 ). The Vanaparva quotes gāthās of Kaśyapa on forbearance (29. 35-40 ). Whether Kaśyapa and Kāśyapa are two different writers of dharmaśūtras it is rather difficult to...
21 Cyavana 1
...avana with youth (vide Ṛg. I. 117. 13, I. 118. 6, VII. 71. 5, X. 39. 4). The Mahābhārata spins certain stories on Cyavana in Ādiparva, chap. 6 and 8, Vanaparva chap. 122–124, Āśvamedhika 10. 32. He married Sukanyā, daughter of king Śaryāti, and the Aśvins made him young and handsome. He then helped the Aśvins ...
26 Brihaspati 2
...ing to Bṛhaspati's views, secure his goal in four wayṣ3 In the Vanaparva (150. 29) men are said to be upheld by the *nayas* proclaimed by Bṛhaspati and Uśanaṣ *Vide also Sabhā* 50. 9, 55. 6, 73. 7–8, *Udyoga* 33. 71–72, 55. 66. The ...
27 Bharadvāja And Bhāradvāja 1
...state anywhere that he differs from the Mahābhārata or from Vyāsa. In the Mahābhārata itself 'Ākhyāna' is frequently mentioned as the 5th Veda, as in Vanaparva 58. 9, Udyoga 43. 41-42, Karṇaparva 87. 42, Śālya 6. 14. The Arthaśāstra I. 5 14 ( Purāṇam-itivṛttam-ākhyāyikā-udāharaṇam-dharmaśāstram-arthaśāstram cetihā...
30 The Smritis 1
...rthaśāstra and Kāma- śāstra (in Ādi. 2. 383). The word Dharmaśāstresu or Dhar- maśāstrāṇi (in the plural ) occurs frequently in the great epic ( vide Vanaparva 207. 83, 293. 34, 313. 5; Śānti. 24. 13, 297. 40, Anuśāsana 90. 34 ). The extant Manusmṛti also (in III 232) mentions “Dharmaśāstrāṇi.” Dharmaśāstra is a muc...
31 The Manusmriti 7
...tras is clear from over a dozen references to dharmaśāstras, often in the plural ( e. g. Śānti 167. 4, 298. 40, 341. 74; Anuśāsana 19. 89, 45. 17-20; Vanaparva 207. 83, 293. 35, 313. 105; Ādiparva 3. 32 and 77 etc. ) The only place where a sūtrakāra is cited on matters of dharma is Anu. 19.6; but no name is mentione...
... Manu 7. 89, 9. 225-26, 9. 17-19 and 27, 6. 33 and 81, 11. 259-60, 5. 43 and 45 and 48-49. The same is the case with the few citations of Manu in the Vanaparva. Bühler says that the Mahābhārata knew only of the dharmasūtraṣ But there is positively not one express citation attributed by name to the well-known...
... side is not a sale but that it is really meant as honour to the girl and as to be paid over to the girl. This is almost the same as Manu III. 54. In Vanaparva 35. 21 we have the words ' you have heard the Rajadharmas that were declared by Manu.' This Manu must be Prācetasa since in Śānti 58. 1–3 Prācetasa Manu is ...
...etasa’ (e. g. Śānti 78. 31, 88. 14-16, 121. 10-12, 152. 14, 152. 30, 266. 5; Anuśāsana 44. 18 and 23, 65. 1 and 3, 67. 19, 68. 31, 88. 4, 115. 52-53; Vanaparva 32. 39, Udyogaparva 40. 9-10, Ādiparva 41. 31, 74. 39). The words ‘Manor-anuśāsanam’ occur in a few cases as in Anuśāsana 61. 34-35.
...aimed by Manu are referred to (Vanaparva 35. 2. 21). In other places, the words ‘Manu Svāyambhuva said’ occur (e. g. Śānti 21. 12, Anuśāsana 114. 12, Vanaparva 180. 34-35, Ādiparva 73. 9, 110. 32-36, Udyogaparva 37. 1-6). In most cases the words ‘Manu said’ occur without the appellation ‘Svāyambhuva’ or ‘Prācetasa’ (e....
...-46">46 in the Droṇaparva (7. 1) ‘Mānavi arthavidyā’ is referred to and in Vanaparva the rājadharmas as proclaimed by Manu are referred to (Vanaparva 35. 2. 21). In other places, the words ‘Manu Svāyambhuva said’ occur (e. g. Śānti 21. 12, Anuśāsana 114. 12, Vanaparva 180. 34-35, Ādiparva 73. 9, 110. 32-36, ...
...f">46 in the Droṇaparva (7. 1) ‘Mānavi arthavidyā’ is referred to and in Vanaparva the rājadharmas as proclaimed by Manu are referred to (Vanaparva 35. 2. 21). In other places, the words ‘Manu Svāyambhuva said’ occur (e. g. Śānti 21...
32 The Two Epics 45
...—Vanaparva 82 ff, Anuśāsana 25-26, Śalya 35-54. | | | Dāna—Vanaparva 186, Śānti 234, Anuśāsana 57-99. | | | Daṇḍastuti—Śānti...
...uśāsana 106-107. | Śrāddha—Strīparva 26-27, Anuśāsana 87-92. | | Tīrthas—Vanaparva 82 ff, Anuśāsana 25-26, Śalya 35-54. | | | Dāna—Vanaparva 186...
...i 36,78. | | Ācāra—Anuśāsana 104 | Rājanīti—Sabhā 5, Vanaparva 150, Udyoga 33-34, Śānti 59-130, Āśrama— Vāsika 5-7 | | Aśvamedhika 45. | Varṇadhar...
...fnref-32-the-two-epics-16">16 of Devayānī and Śarmiṣṭhā). For other Ānuvaṁśa Ślokas, vide Ādi. 95. 27, 95. 30-31, 95.46 (about Śantanu). In Vanaparva 88. 5 there is an ānuvaṁśya gāthā about Nṛga. Sometimes, even itihāsa is spoken of as sung i.e. recited (gīta). The word itihāsa is ancient. It occurs in t...
...anded down in families) e. g. Vanaparva 129. 8 says ‘atrānuvaṁśam paṭhataḥ śṛṇu me kurunandana’ and then quotes two verseṣ For ‘Ānuvaṁśam,’ vide also Vanaparva 87. 16-17 (yatrānuvaṁśam bhagavān Jāmadagnyastathā jagau). For Ānuvaṁśa ślokas, vide Ādiparva 95. 8 (for sons
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87.16-17
... in Sauptika (I.53-55). Then many ślokas and gāthās are quoted as Ānuvaṁśam or simply as Anuvaṁśa (meaning genealogies handed down in families) e. g. Vanaparva 129. 8 says ‘atrānuvaṁśam paṭhataḥ śṛṇu me kurunandana’ and then quotes two verseṣ For ‘Ānuvaṁśam,’ vide also Vanaparva 87. 16-17 (yatrānuvaṁśam bhagavān Jā...
...nti 138.192) and many more occur. Ślokas also are quoted with the words Ślokau cātra bhavataḥ’ (Vanaparva 192.27–29) or ‘bhavanti cātra ślokāḥ’ as in Vana- parva (199. 13-15); ślokas by one who ponders over dharma as in Sauptika (I.53-55). Then many ślokas and gāthās are quoted as Ānuvaṁśam or simply as Anuvaṁśa (meaning g...
...ing’s treasury), gāthās sung by Uśanas on distrust (Śānti 138.192) and many more occur. Ślokas also are quoted with the words Ślokau cātra bhavataḥ’ (Vanaparva 192.27–29) or ‘bhavanti cātra ślokāḥ’ as in Vana- parva (199. 13-15); ślokas by one who ponders over dharma as in Sauptika (I.53-55). Then many ślokas and gāth...
...Mahā- bhārata Gāthās sung by the Pitṛs (Anuśāsana, 88.11–14), by Yama (Anu. 45.17 and 104.72) or by Janaka (Śānti 17.18–20), by Kāśyapa (about Kṣama, Vanaparva 29.35–44), Gāthā about Paurava in Droṇa (57. 11) and about Bhagīratha (in Droṇa 60.8), of Yayāti (in Śānti 26.13 and in Droṇa 63.8–9), gāthās sung by Ambarīṣa...
...Rāmāyaṇa text. In this Kumbhakarṇa is said to have been killed by Rāma (Yuddha. 67. 180-181), while in the Rāmopā- khyāna it is Lakṣmaṇa who does so (Vanaparva 287.18-19 ). Besides, in the Śāntiparva (chap. 29 ) there is a brief reference to Rāma’s rule for 11000 years and the ideal happiness of the people under his r...
...the Mahābhārata is certainly older by centuries than the story of the Rāmāyaṇa. Reference has been made to the fact that there is a Rāmopā- khyāna in Vanaparva (chap. 273-292 containing about 750 verses ). It does not completely agree with the present Rāmāyaṇa text. In this Kumbhakarṇa is said to have been k...
...ee elements in it, viz. the bare story of the Pāṇḍava brothers and their cousins (usually referred to as Kauravas), the upākhyānas (abound-ing in the Vanaparva and scattered about in other parvans also) concerning gods, sages, brāhmaṇas, kings and others and didactic matter insisting on doing one’s duties an...
...a and divides them into two classeṣ In the first class he puts certain references to Vāl- miki as meant for a mere saint (a ṛṣi ), as in Sabhā 7. 16, Vanaparva 85. 119, Udyoga 93. 27, Śānti 207. 4 (along with Asita, Devala and many others). In my opinion Anuśāsana 13.8 (where Vālmīki is styled bhagavān ) belongs to ...
...tween Indra and Bali in chap. 223 ; chap. 175 (dialogue between father and son) is practically the same as chap. 277. Śalya 38. 39-45 are the same as Vanaparva 83. 116-121. The Śodaśarājakīya occurs twice, once in the Droṇaparva (chap. 55-1) and again in the Śāntiparva chap. 29. The story of Āstika occurs twice, in Ādi ...
...ore, the numerous references to Purāṇa in the Great Epic are not here set out. It is important to note that a Purāṇa declared by Vāyu is mentioned in Vana- parva (191. 16). The Svargarohaṇaparva (5. 46-47) states that there are 18 Purāṇas composed by Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana. Upavedas are mentioned in Droṇaparva 202. 75. Dhanur...
...o have fleṣh offered'. Buddhist vihāras (Vana° 188. 56 ) had come into existence and Edūkas (structures over the bones of the dead); are mentioned in Vana parva ( 90. 65, 67 ). A naked Kṣapaṇaka (Digambara Jain) is mentioned in Ādi 3. 126 ; in Śānti 232. 21
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90.65, 67
...t appears that by the time the Mahābhārata assumed its present form Buddhist and Jain ideas had acquired influence among the people. For example, the Vanaparva24 (181.42-43 ) says ‘truthfulness, self-restraint, tap...
...t there is a counterpoise in the latter half of the śloka ; another criticism is that the Mahā- bhārata itself had already stated in the Ādiparva and Vana- parva the same rule against killing a womaṇ So it is probable that some interpolator mentioned it in the Droṇaparva to show off his knowledge of the other ...
...ics-34">34 in the Rāmāyaṇa (147. 11). Vālmīki's name is not mentioned in those chapters and this story was probably interpolated later. The Vanaparva is in extent next to the Śāntiparva. These two and the Anuśāsanaparva cover about two-fifths of the whole of the extant Mahābhārata. The 4th passage (q...
The third passage occurs in the Vanaparva, where Bhīma is said to have met Hanūmat on the Gandhamādana but did not recognize him and took him to be a mere ordinary monkey (chapters 146 ff). T...
...and 25 more in this chapter
33 The Purānas 2
...rified even of the murders of brāhmaṇas, if he visits Asmaprṣṭha (Pretasīlā in Gayā), the hill called Niravinda and the Krauñcapadī. We find even the Vanaparva stating that one does not secure those rewards even by performing solemn sacrifices in which fees paid to the priests are large, as one secures by pi...
...d be raised about their family, their character, learning or tapas and that by honouring them a man attains liberatioṇ It may be pointed out that the Vanaparva (chap. 84. 82-104) speaks at length about Gayā and its holy places, most of which are quoted in the Padmapurāṇa, Ādikhaṇḍa, chap. 38 (verses 2-19). T...
Volume I: Part II 2 references
113 The Vīramitrodaya Of Mitramiśra 2
...words are given to indicate what Daiva is and which distinguishes Puruṣakāra (human effort) from Daiva; vide also Manu VII. 205, Yaj. I. 349 and 351. Vanaparva (82. 9-12) deals with this topic of Daiva and Puruṣakāra.
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82.9-12
...-ref">20 as a tīrtha is described in Vanaparva 83. 1-8. Vanaparva chapters 87-90 speak of the tīrthas in the east, south, west and north respectively. Śalyaparva (chapters 35-39) describes the tīrthas which ...
Volume II: Part I 30 references
Chapter I The Topics Of Dharmashastra 1
...says 'No parents, nor wife nor sons will be a man's friends in the next world; but only righteousnesṣ' 'Gods and the inner man mark the sinful acts'. Vanaparva 207.54 and Manu VIII. 85, 91–92. Vide also Ādi- parva 74. 28-29, Manu VIII. 86, Anūśāsana 2. 73–74. The reason given for cultivating such virtues as *dayā*,...
Chapter Ii Varna 8
...s ( E. I. vol. VIII pp. 60–61, ‘ vinivatitacātuvaṇa-sakaṛasa ).’ That varṇasaṁkara had gone too far in the opinion of the author of the Mahābhārata ( Vanaparva 180. 31-33 ) follows from the following words which are despairingly put in the mouth of Yudhiṣṭhira
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180.31-33
...ing to Manu X. 43-44 the Cīnas were a kṣatriya caste reduced to the status of śūdraṣ They are frequently named in the Mahābhārata e. g. Sabhā 51. 23, Vanaparva 177. 12, Udyoga 19. 15.
Pulinda. For vedic references see above (p. 47). They were a wild mountain tribe like the Kirātas or Śabaraṣ In the Vana-parva 140. 25 Pulindas, Kirātas and Tāṅgaṇas are spoken of as dwelling on the Himālaya. Udyoga 160. 103, Karṇa 73. 19-20, Anuśāsana 33. 21-22 mention pulindaṣ Uśan...
...er khasa above p. 79 ). In the Mahābhārata Yavanas are almost always associated with Śakas and several other non-Aryan tribes; vide Sabhā, 32. 16-17, Vanaparva 254. 18 (as inhabiting the west ), Udyoga 19. 21, Bhīṣma 20. 13, Droṇa 93. 42 and 121. 13, Karna 73. 19, Śānti 65. 13. From Strīparva 22. 11 it appears that ...
... śūdra who is always struggling for self-restraint, truthfulness and dharma is a brāhmaṇa in my opinion, for a brāhmaṇa is so by his character.’ Vide Vanaparva (313. 108–111) and Yāj. I. 200 and Vṛddha Gautama p. 632. It has been seen above (p. 6) that Gautama laid the greatest emphasis on the eight qualities of the soul. ...
...apter-ii-varna-166">166 (43. 49) remarks ‘Do not regard a person as brāhmaṇa by his talk; he who does not depart from truth is a brāhmaṇa’; Vanaparva (216. 14–15) ‘that śūdra who is always struggling for self-restraint, truthfulness and dharma is a brāhmaṇa in my opinion, for a brāhmaṇa is so by his character.’...
...lt against the caste system dependent on birth alone and where it is severely condemned and great emphasis is laid on the moral worth of a maṇ In the Vanaparva (181. 42–43) we are told 163 ‘Truthfulness, restraint, *tapas*, g...
...-19), viz. combing and arranging the hair, pounding unguents, making garlandṣ Similarly Damayanti became a sairandhri to the mother of the Cedi king (Vanaparva 65. 68-70), but she refused to eat ucchiṣṭa food, would not wash the feet of any- body and would not allow any man to approach her. According to Ādipurāṇa quot...
Chapter Iii The Duties Disabilities And Privileges Of Varnas 2
...f-varnas-87">87 'a brāhmaṇa, when provoked, becomes fire, the sun, poison, and weapon; a brāhmaṇa is declared to be the guru of all beingṣ' Vanaparva
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...ence to fools, *patita*, the intoxicated and lunatics and a person of a lower varṇa should give precedence to one of a higher varṇa. The Mahābhārata (Vanaparva 133. 1) adds the blind and the deaf, (Anuśāsana 104. 25-26) cows, a pregnant woman and a weak maṇ Vaṣ Dh. S. (13.58-60) enumerates the same persons, but say...
Chapter V Slavery 2
...frequently mentioneḍ In Sabhāparva 52. 45, Vanaparva 233. 43 and Virāṭa 18. 21 gifts of 30 dāsīs to each of 88000 snātaka brāhmaṇas are spoken of. In Vanaparva 185. 34 Vainya is said to have given a thousand handsome dāsīs with ornaments on to Atri. Vide Droṇaparva 57. 5–9. Manu (VIII. 299–300) places a slave on the...
...who is a stranger; how much more one’s own children’. In the Mahābhārata gifts of dāsas and dāsīs are very frequently mentioneḍ In Sabhāparva 52. 45, Vanaparva 233. 43 and Virāṭa 18. 21 gifts of 30 dāsīs to each of 88000 snātaka brāhmaṇas are spoken of. In Vanaparva 185. 34 Vainya is said to have given a thousand ha...
Chapter Vi Samskāras 1
...sa; but this part is apocryphal as many msṣ altogether omit this episode (vide J. R. A. S. for 1898 pp. 380-384, Winternitz). The other references in Vanaparva 65. 23 and Anuśāsana 150. 25 bear affinity to the description of Vināyaka in the Mānavagṛhya.
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65.23
Chapter Vii Upanayana 1
...We should rather hold that Āśv. knew of women undertaking Vedic study and so prescribed what they should do in their samāvartana. In the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva 305. 20)81 a brāhmaṇa is said to have taught to the ...
Chapter Ix Marriage 2
...Gautama is prepared to give his daughter in marriage to Uttanka if he could be a youth of 16 yearṣ In another place the Mahābhārata (Sabha 64. 14 and Vanaparva 5. 15) uses the simile of a maiden not liking a husband of 60 yearṣ That shows that girls were sometimes married to even old men of 60 in those days as rar...
... was to be given in marriage to whomsoever showed a certain skill as a warrior. In the case of Damayantī it was a real choice of her husband by her ( Vanaparva 54 ff. ) though she chose Nala in a vast and splendid assembly of royal suitorṣ Kālidāsa also gives us a fine description of the svayamvara of Indumatī ...
Chapter Xi Polygamy Polyandry And Rights And Duties On Marriage 6
...or the peace of the souls of the departeḍ The Viṣṇu Dh. S. 85. 70,23 Vanaparva 34. 97, Matsyapurāṇa 207. 39 contain a verse ‘one should desire to have many sons in the hope that one of them may repair to Gayā.’ On account of these seve...
...abandon her or accept her, since all-round domination of the husband over the wife is proper.’ Manu V. 150-156, Yaj. I. 83-87, Viṣṇu Dh. S. 25. 2 ff, Vanaparva 233. 19-58 (Draupadi as the speaker), Anusasana 123 (Sandili declares the conduct of virtuous wives), Veda-Vyasa-smṛti II. 20-32 (wife’s duties from morning til...
...es (to win love) and should be devoted to auspicious conduct.' Vide also Viṣṇu Dh. S. chap. 99 last two verses (quoted by Aparārka p. 107). Draupadī (Vanaparva chap. 233 ) states 'whatever my husband does not eat, drink or partake of, I avoiḍ I know the total wealth, the income and expenditure of the Pāṇḍavas'...
...red to approach and one may say that Indian women generally have most successfully lived up to that high and ennobling ideal that was set before theṃ Vanaparva (205-206) tells the story of a learned brāhmaṇa, who by his mere angry look made a female crane die when the latter voided its faeces on to the head of the brā...
... names several *pativratās* of ancient times and the following verses dilate upon the rules of conduct for virtuous wiveṣ The story of Sāvitrī in the Vanaparva (293–299) illustrates the power of a *pativratā*, who wrung back even from Yama, the dread god of Death, the life of her husbanḍ
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293-299
In the Mahābhārata and the purāṇas hyperbolical descriptions of the power of the *pativratā* occur at every step. *Vide* Vana-parva 63 where we are told (vv. 38-39) that when Damayantī cursed by her faithfulness to her husband the young hunter who had evil designs on her, he fell dow...
Chapter Xii The Duties Of A Widow Some Privileges Of Women And The Purda System 1
...gainst one who gave livelihood or shelter’. In the Śāntiparva (135. 14 ) even thieves are instructed not to kill womeṇ Vide also Ādi. 155. 2, 217. 4, Vanaparva 206. 46. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Bālakāṇḍa ) also breathes this sentiment, when Rāma was called upon to kill the ogress Tāṭakā.
Chapter Xiv Remarriage Of Widows 1
...ala was not heard of for many years, Damayanti was going to celebrate a svayaṁvara and Ṛtuparṇa hurries for it and does not think it a strange thing (Vanaparva 70. 24). One question15 raise...
Chapter Xvi Veshyā 1
...va armies are described as about to start for battle it is said that carts, markets and courtezans also accompanied them (Udyoga 151. 58 ). Vide also Vanaparva 239. 37, Karṇaparva 94. 26. Yāj. 3 II. 290 divides concubine...
Chapter Xvii Āhnika And Āchāra 4
...2. 12 holds that, if weighed in the balance, the order of householders is equal to all the other three put together. Vide also Śānti 11. 15, 23. 2-5, Vanaparva chap. 2. The Ayodhyākāṇḍa 106. 22 also says that the stage of householder is the most excellent of all āśramaṣ
...ya-purāṇa 29-30 and 34, Nṛsiṁha-purāṇa 58. 45-106, Kūrmapurāṇa ( _uttarārdha_ chap. 15-16 ), Laghu-Hārīta IV. p. 183 ff ( Jīvānanda ), Droṇaparva 82, Vanaparva 2. 53-63, Aśvamedhika 45. 16-25, Anuśāsana-parva 97. Among the digests may be mentioned the Sṃ C. (I. pp. 88-232), the Smṛtyarthasāra (pp. 18-48), the Madanap...
...he Mahābhārata frequent reference is made to the sixth part of the day as a somewhat late hour for taking one's meal (and as making one hungry). Vide Vanaparva 179. 16, 180. 16, 293. 9, Aśvamedhika parva 90. 26-27.
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179.16
...ra-33" id="fnref-chapter-xvii-āhnika-and-āchāra-33">33 According to Yāj. I. 16 the yajñopavīta should be suspended from the right ear only. Vanaparva 59. 2 describes that kalī (the principle of evil and strife) entered Nala when the latter did not wash his feet after urinating.
Volume II: Part II 18 references
Chapter Xix Devayajna 4
...rī. The Trimūrti i. e. the conception of the triune combination of Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Śiva into one God- head is also an ancient one. The Mahābhārata (Vanaparva) gives expression to the idea that Prajāpati creates the world in the form of Brahmā, sustains it in the form of the great Puruṣa and annihilates it ...
...e is no difference between the two.48 *Vide* Vanaparva 39. 76 and 189. 5–6, Śānti 343. 132, Matsyapurāṇa 52. 23. The 1000 names of Viṣṇu are enumerated in Anuśāsanaparva 149. 14–120 and the 1000 names of Śiva in...
...ater than the first centuries of the Christian era. In the Jābālopaniṣad, he is referred to as a paramahamsa and there is an Upaniṣad named after hiṃ Vanaparva 115, Anuśāsana 153, Śānti 49.36, say that he conferred boons on Kārtavīrya. Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa (chap. 16-19) gives the story of his birth, calls him a yogi...
...ta (Virāṭaparva 6 and Bhīṣma 23 ) contains two hymns addressed to Durgā in which she is stated to be Vindhyavāsinī and fond of blood and wine, and in Vanaparva 39. 4 it is stated that Umā became a kirātī when Śiva became a kirāta to test the prowess of Arjuna. In the Kumārasambhava Kālidāsa speaks of Pārvatī, Umā,...
Chapter Xx Vaishvadeva 1
...et him not eat alone, nor before others (relatives and guests), since the mantra says 'the fool gets food in vain' (Rg. X. 117. 6).' The Mahābhārata (Vanaparva II. 59) says that offering food to dogs, śvapacas and birds on the ground is known as vaiśvadeva, which is performed in the morning and evening. The same ve...
Chapter Xxi Nriyajna Or Manushya Yajna 3
...interesting remark that for honouring śūdra visitors the king should set apart in each village some paddy or other corṇ Gaut. V. 33, Manu III. 101 (= Vanaparva II. 54 and Udyoga 36. 34), Ap. Dh. S. II. 2. 4. 13-14, Yāj. I. 107, Bauḍ gr. II. 9. 21-23 say that
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II.54
...d by accompanying him some distance when he departṣ Vide Gaut. V. 29-34, 37, Āp. Dh. S. II. 3. 6. 7-15, Manu III. 99, 107 and IV. 29, Dakṣa III. 5-8. Vanaparva 200. 22-25 and Anuśāsana 2 highly extol hospitality. Anuśāsana 7. 6 says 'the host should give his eye, mind and agreeable speech to the guest, he should person...
...f only swallows merely sin and that when he eats what remains after offering yajña to gods, beings, pitṛs and guests, he really eatṣ Manu III. 285 (= Vanaparva II. 60) says that ‘vighasa is what is left after brāhmaṇas and guests have partaken and amṛta is what is left after being offered in sacrifice and one shoul...
Chapter Xxii Bhojana 2
.... 1-2 king Yudhiṣṭhira on the opening of Mayasabhā feasted ten thousand brāhmaṇas with various delicacies including the flesh of wild boars and deer. Vanaparva 208. 11-121868 offers the consoling thought (that is conveyed by the Ṛgveda itself) that animals killed in sacri- fices to the accompaniment of Vedic...
... meritoriouṣ From ancient times the kṣatriyas have been meat-eaterṣ The Mahābhārata has in several places to say a great deal on flesh-eating. In the Vanaparva 50. 4 it is stated that the Pāṇḍava heroes killed with unpoisoned arrows deer and first offered venison to brāhmaṇas and partook of it themselveṣ In Sabhā ...
Chapter Xxv Dāna Gifts 6
...andhyā performance, who have swerved from the vows proper (for brāhmaṇas), who are wicked and who are immersed in pleasures of sense become fruitlesṣ Vanaparva (200. 5–9) enumerates 16 futile gifts such as to one who left off the order of saṁnyāsa or of wealth acquired by unjust means &c. Almost the same verses occur i...
...nning of Śadaśiti and while an eclipse of the sun or moon is in progress and that the rewards of the gifts made on these occasions are inexhaustible. Vanaparva 200. 125 is to the same effect. A gift made on Amāvāsyā imparts rewards a hundred times ( of the reward of making it on any ordinary day), a thousand times wh...
...f marriage (i. e. maidens, expenses of marriage &c.). This was nothing new that was prescribed by Yāj. It has been followed for ages by the kingṣ The Vanaparva44 186. 15 states that he who makes a gift ...
...ka (pp. 368, 370) quotes many verses from the Visṇudharmottara, the Adityapurāṇa, the Matsyapurāṇa on the high rewards reaped by the gift of lanḍ The Vanaparva49 (93. 78-79) declares 'whatever sins a ki...
...word *agrahāra* has been applied to the grant of lands or villages to brāhmaṇas from very ancient timeṣ It occurs frequently in the Mahābhārata e. g. Vanaparva 68. 4, Āśramavāsiparva 2. 10. 41, 13. 11, 14. 14, 25. 5. Vide E. I. vol. I, p. 88 (grant of the Valabhī king Dhruvasena III. In G. S. 334 i. e. 653-654 A. ...
Yāj. I. 206-207 (206 = Agnipurāṇa 210. 33), Viṣṇu Dh. S. 88. 1-4, Vanaparva 200. 69-71, Atri 333, Varāhapurāṇa 112 74 attach spec...
Chapter Xxvii Vānaprastha Forest Hermit 1
... Vedānta and understanding the ephemeral nature of life abandons life in the holy Himālayas by fasting, he would reach the world of brahma. Vide also Vanaparva 85. 83 (about suicides at Prayāga). The Matsya-purāṇa (186. 34-35) eulogises the peak of Amarakantaka by stating 'whoever dies at Amarakantaka by fire, pois...
General Index 1
...996n, 1184; ver- ses of, 1184. Vāmana, regarded as avatāra of Viṣṇu by Kālidāsa, 724. Vāmanapurāṇa, 11, 215, 346n, 511, 647, 649, 666, 688, 737, 923. Vanaparva, 2n, 7, 14n, 61, 63n, 82, 88, 101, 215, 294, 324n, 439 &c. Vanaprastha (forest hermit), 917- 929; classifications of, 922-923; could beg for his food...
Volume III 30 references
Chapter I Preliminary 2
... id="fnref-chapter-i-preliminary-7">7 Śānti (69. 104) says that daṇḍanīti is the special concern of the kṣatriya (rājan). It is said in the Vanaparva 150. 32 that without daṇḍanīti this whole world would break all bounds Vide also Śānti 15,29, 63,28, 69,74 ff (eulogy of daṇḍanīti) daṇḍanīti is said to be t...
... in such ancient dharma-sūtras as that of Āpastamba, the following works deserve close study and have been utilized in this section; the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva 150, Sabhā 5, Udyoga 33-34, Śānti 1-130, Āśrama-vāsika 5-7), the Rāmāyaṇa (Ayodhyā, chap. 15, 67, 100; Yuddha 17-18, 63), Manusmṛti VII-IX, Arthaśāstra o...
Chapter Ii Seven Angas Of Rājya 3
...at is decided upon, not guarding secret royal policy, not practising auspicious acts, taking up under- takings on all sides at one and the same time. Vanaparva 251. 5 says that subjects do not like a king who is very timid, very weak, procrastinating, careless and immersed in pleasures on account of viceṣ Sabhā 5 1...
...ng that this world would cease to exist if vārttā was given up, that this world is rooted in vārttā and is sustained by the three vedas (68. 35). The Vanaparva (150. 30) states that the whole world is sustained by vārttā i. e. by merchandise, mines, trade, agriculture and tending cows, she-goats and eweṣ The Nītivākyā...
...of as proficient in the Vedas, Vedāṅgas, in Dhanurveda, Gāndharvaveda, Rājavidyā &c. (I. 18. 24 and 26, II. 1.20, II. 2. 34-35, V. 35. 13-14). In the Vanaparva 277. 4 it is said that the princes were proficient in the Vedas with their secret doctrine and in Dhanurveda. In the Ādiparva 221. 72-74 Abhimanyu is said t...
Chapter Iii Duties And Responsibilities Of The Ruler 1
... Mahābhārata records the tradition that many kings of former times abdicated the throne in favour of their sons and resorted to the forest as hermits Vanaparva 202.8 mentions Bṛhadaśva who crowned his son Kuvalāśva. Vide also Vāyu 88.32. Dhṛtarāṣṭra says to Yudhiṣṭhira that in their family it was customary for kin...
Chapter V Rāshtra The Territory Of A State 4
...ded into varsas Jambudvīpa has 9 varsas of which Bharatavarṣa is the first (Viṣṇupurāṇa II. 2. 12 ff) The Mahābhārata speaks of 13 dvīpas (Ādi 75 19, Vanaparva 3 52 and 134 20) and 18 dvīpas also (Droṇa 70. 15). For Bharatavarṣa vide H Dh vol. II. pp 17–18. Manu II 20 looks upon the holy land of Kurukṣetra, of...
...d="fnref-chapter-v-rāshtra-the-territory-of-a-state-33">33 went to supervise and enumerate the herds of cattle belonging to the State. Vide Vanaparva 239. 4 and 240. 4-6. Even such a grammatical work as the Mahābhāṣya incidentally gives expression to the view that a country's wealth consists in its food-c...
...is put in the mouth of several characters with different emphasis according to circumstanceṣ In Ādi 1 246-247, 89. 7-10, Sabhā 46. 16, 47. 36, 58 14, Vanaparva 179. 27-28, Udyoga 8 52, 40 32, 159 4, 186 18, Āśramavāsika 10. 29 the emphasis is on daiva as all powerful, it being said that human effort is useless as again...
...2, Agnipurāṇa 226 5-6, Bṛhaspatyasūtra V 1-3, Viṣṇudharmottara II. 146-149 add three more to the above four. Sabhā 5 21 mentions the number seven and Vanaparva 150. 42 mentions sāma, dāna, bheda, danda and upekṣā About the additional three there is some difference of opinion, most holding that the three are māyā, up...
Chapter Vi Durga Fort Or Capital 1
...ories (`aṭṭalakas`), `moats` are very often spoken of in connection with capitals in both epics The gates were sometimes called after cities `e` g in Vanaparva I 9-10 the Pāṇdavas are said to have gone out of Hastināpura from the gate called Vardhamānapura
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I
Chapter Viii Bala The Army 6
...uch as gomūtrikā, makara &c In Kāṃ XVIII 48-49, XIX 40 ff., Manu VII. 187-191, Nītiprakāśikā, chap 6 and in the Mahābhārata many vyūhas are described Vanaparva (285 6-7) refers to Rāvana's arrangement of his army according to the rules of Usanas and of Rāma's army according to Bārhaspatya rules The āśrama- v...
...sputes, drinking, holding merry gatherings (samāja) and gambling should be prohibited in the camp and the system of passes should be enforced (X. 1). Vanaparva (15. 14, 19) also refers to the system of passes and the fact that dancers and musicians were driven away, when Dvārakā was besieged by Śālva From Udyoga 151 58 (...
... that the śataghni employed by Ghaṭotkaca had wheels and killed four horses at once. In Droṇa 199 19 śataghnis are said to have two or four wheelṣ In Vanaparva24 284 4 it is said that the powder...
... 5, 290 24, Droṇa 156 70, Karṇa 11. 8, Śalya 45 110 the śataghni is mentioned, but it is impossible to find from these what exactly it was like. From Vanaparva 284 31 it appears that the śataghnis were discharged with force by the hands and had wheels and round balls or stones in it. In Droṇa 179. 46 it is said ...
...) besieged by Śālva, in which it is said that the capital had numerous towers and turrets, machines, tomaras, aṅkuśas, śataghnis &c. In Ādi. 207. 34, Vanaparva 169. 16, 284. 5, 290 24, Droṇa 156 70, Karṇa 11. 8, Śalya 45 110 the śataghni is mentioned, but it is impossible to find from these what exactly it was like....
...oetic description of Laṁkā in the Sundarakāṇḍa chap 2, it is said that śataghnis and śūlas were like the hair on the head of Laṁkā (verse 21). In the Vanaparva 15 there is a fine description of Dvāravati (Dvārkā) besieged by Śālva, in which it is said that the capital had numerous towers and turrets, machines, ...
Chapter Xxx Stridhana 1
...ient times right down to 1800 A. D. Though sometimes girls were purchased for marriage, popular feeling gradually asserted itself against this In the Vanaparva (115. 23 ) Gādhi claims as the custom of his family one thousand horses of the best kind from Rcika when the latter preferred his suit for the hand of Gādhi’s d...
Chapter Xxxii Practices Of Shistas Conflict Among Shruti Smriti And Sadāchāra An 1
...devoured by a demon, was so struck with grief that he threw himself bound into the Vipāśā river(Nirukta IX.26, Ādiparva chap 177 1–6=cr. eḍ 167. 1–6, Vanaparva 130, 8–9, Anuśāsana 3 12–13); (5) Purūravas who thought of dying by hanging or by being devoured by wolves (Rg. X. 95. 14, Śat. Br. XI. 5. 1–8) when sepa...
Chapter Xxxiii Customs And Dharmashastra Works 1
...xiii-customs-and-dharmashastra-works-11" id="fnref-chapter-xxxiii-customs-and-dharmashastra-works-11">11 upon the words of the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva 313. 117), 'what is true dharma is concealed as in a dark cave; the (only) path is to follow great men'. In I. 118 Mann declares that the ancient (or long end...
Chapter Xxxiv Kalivarjya Actions Forbidden In The Kali Age 10
...ions-forbidden-in-the-kali-age-21" id="fnref-chapter-xxxiv-kalivarjya-actions-forbidden-in-the-kali-age-21">21 a bull, in Manu VIII. 16 and Vanaparva 190. 9) and it declines or deteriorates by a quarter in each of the following yugas (Manu I. 81–82 =Śānti 232. 23–24), so that in Kali only one quarter (or ...
...iv-kalivarjya-actions-forbidden-in-the-kali-age-20">20 The symbolic colours of the four yugas are respectively white, yellow, red and dark (Vanaparva 189. 32) In Krta, Dharma prevails in all its perfection and it stands with all its four feet (dharma being figuratively spoken of as vrsa,
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189.32
...ars, Tretā to 1296000, Dvāpara to 864000 and Kali to 432000 These four yugas are together called sometimes caturyuga (Manu I 71) or simply yuga also (Vanaparva 188. 27, Śānti 232. 29); 1000 of these four yugas constitute a day of Brahma, which is called Kalpa. The night of Brahmā is of the same duratioṇ At the end o...
...sion is arrived at from a consideration of the classical Sanskrit literature. The theory of *yugas* and *manvantaras* as detailed in the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva chap- ters 149, 188, Śānti chapters 69, 231-232), Manu chap. I, Viṣṇu- dharma-sūtra XX. 1-21, the Purāṇas (such as Viṣṇu I. 3, VI. 3, Mārkaṇḍeya 46, Br...
...kalivarjya-actions-forbidden-in-the-kali-age-22" id="fnref-chapter-xxxiv-kalivarjya-actions-forbidden-in-the-kali-age-22">22 taken from the Vanaparva (188) is added at the end by way of sample, of which a summary is given below. All men will generally be liars ; in The Kali age substitutes will be invent...
...e nature of the four yugas, which are passed over here But it is important to see how the Great Epic and the Purāṇas describe the nature of Kaliyuga. Vanaparva chap. 188 and 190, the Yugapurāṇa chap. 14 pp. 400 ff by K. P. Jayaswal), Harivaṁśa (Bhavisya chap. 3.5 ff), the Brahmapurāṇa 229-230, Vāyu 58 and 99. ...
In Vanaparva 149. 11-38, Vāyu 32 and 57-58, Liṅga 39, Matsya 142-144, Garuda 223, Nāradapurāṇa (pūrvārdha 41) and in several other purāṇas there are descriptions of the natu...
.... 16, Viṣṇupurāṇa IV. 24. 26, Agni 16. 8, Nrsimha 54. 3, Kalkipurāṇa 2. 34 ), while in other passages he is himself styled Visnuyasas ( Vāyu 98, 104, Vanaparva 190. 93, Brahma 213. 164, Visnudharmottara I. 74. 40 ).1788a In some places he is said to have already flourished (Vāyu 98. 111, Matsya 47. 255 ),...
...me a universal emperor (cakravartin) of the dharmavijayin type and will start the Kṛta age. In some passages he is called Kalki (noṃ of Kalkin) as in Vanaparva 190 93, Brahma 213. 164, Vāyu 99 396, Matsya 47. 248, Nṛsiṁha 54 3; while in others as Kalkiḥ (noṃ of Kalki) as in Vāyu 98. 104, Kalki 2 28, Bhāgavata XI...
... it will be Pramati Bhārgava who will be the avatāra of Viṣṇu and uproot the Mlechhas, heretics and śūdra kings, while Vāyu 98. 104-110 and 99 396-7, Vanaparva 190 93-97, Bhāgavata XII 2 16-23 state that Kalkin will conquer the Mlecchas, will become a universal emperor (cakravartin) of the dharmavijayin type and...
Volume IV 84 references
Chapter Vi Consequences Of Not Undergoing Penances 4
...ir bodies, wear ornaments and have brilliant golden complexionṣ Similar pleasures enjoyed in the Nandana park are promised in Brahmapurāṇa, 225. 5–6. Vanaparva (chap. 261 verses 28–29) says that there is one great draw-back in going to heaven, viz. that there one simply enjoys the rewards of one’s good actio...
...17–19) it is stated that *svarga* is the place for those who die in battle. How *svarga* is like and what the pleasures of heaven are is described in Vanaparva, chap. 186.6–7, viz. that there are extensive lakes full of golden lotus flowers and fish and devoid of mud, that on the banks of those lakes dwell t...
...e for enjoying the fruits of one’s actions’ (*bhogāyatana*) and that Hiraṇyagarbha is the *adhyakṣa* of Brahmaloka (on Vedānta-sūtra IV. 3.10) In the Vanaparva (54. 17–19) it is stated that *svarga* is the place for those who die in battle. How *svarga* is like and what the pleasures of heaven are is described in Vanapa...
...vi-consequences-of-not-undergoing-penances-46" id="fnref-chapter-vi-consequences-of-not-undergoing-penances-46">46 echo of this is found in Vanaparva 186.9. The Kaus Up 13 speaks of several worlds (*lokas*) of the gods such as those of Agni, Vāyu, Varuṇa, Āditya, Indra, Prajāpati, Brahmā and a similar gr...
Chapter Viii Shuddhi 1
...2 for passages from Baudhāyana Dh. S. (I 5, 3–4), Harīta, Daksa and others defining and subdividing. Agni 372, (17–18) is the same as Daksa V. 3. The Vanaparva 200. 52 speaks of purity in speech, in actions and that brought about by water. The Padma (II. 66. 86–87) emphasizes that it is the mental attitude that is t...
Chapter Xi Tīrthayātrā Pilgrimages To Holy Places 6
...such sacrifices as Agnistoma in which large fees are paid (to priests); therefore visiting holy places is superior to sacrificeṣ But the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva 82, 9-12 and Anuśāsana 108. 3-4) lays the greatest emphasis on the cultivation of high moral and spiritual qualities if the full reward of pilgrimages i...
...tīrthas do not occupy a very prominent positioṇ But in the Mahābhārata and the Purāṇas they are highly lauded and placed even above sacrificeṣ In the Vanaparva
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...yāga he need not go to any other tīrtha, nor need he perform any yajña or act of charity and the like. A few striking passages may be cited here. The Vanaparva remarks that
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...ingaṣ The Brahmapurāṇa says that the number of tīrthas and shrines is so large that they cannot be enumerated in detail even in hundreds of yearṣ The Vanaparva
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...good deal of discussion in the Purāṇas and digests about those who are entitled or have the eligibility or capacity (*adhikāra*) for tīrthayātrā. The Vanaparva
...ābhārata* and the *Purāṇas* contain on a very modest calculation at least 40000 verses on tīrthas, sub-tīrthas and legends connected with theṃ In the Vanaparva (chap. 82-156) and Śalyaparva (chap. 35-54) alone there are about 3900 verses on tīrthayātrā. To mention only a few of the purāṇas, the Brahmapurāṇa ...
Chapter Xii The Ganges 16
The Vanaparva, chap 85, has a grand eulogy of Gaṅgā in verses 88-97, some of which may be translated here1324. “The Gaṅges is equal to Kurukṣetra wherev...
...by the wrath of the sage Kapila and who were saved by the ashes being washed in the waters of the Ganges brought down from heaven by Bhagiratha. Vide Vanaparva chap. 107– 109, Viṣṇupurāṇa II, 8–10 for the story. The Naradiya makes not only the throwing of calcined bones a source of benefit to the departed but ...
.... This must have been a comparatively early verse. The Skandapurāṇa refers to it as śruti. The greatness of Prayāga is dwelt upon in the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva 85. 69–97, 87. 18–20, Anuśāsana 25. 36–38)29 and in ...
The word Prayāga is derived in various wayṣ The Vana-parva 32 appears to suggest that the word Prayāg...
...the Purāṇas to the subtirthas, the reference to a bath at Prayāga in general means bath in the Veṇī i. e the confluence of the two rivers, as e. g in Vanaparva 85 81 and 85 and Matsya 104 16-17.40 The Vana...
...nd one half yojana long all round, that would be the Prayāgamandala of five yojanas in circumference. The boundaries of Prayāga itself are defined by Vanaparva,37 the Matsyapurāṇa (104 5 and 106. 30) an...
...nges where it falls into the sea, on the Ganges, at Puṣkara, at Setubandha, at Gaṅgādvāra and in Naimiṣa tends to confer inexhaustible rewardṣ In the Vanaparva 44 it is stated that this sacrificial grou...
...atsya (104. 1-13 and 16-20, 105. 1-22, 106. 1-48, 107. 2-21, 108. 3-5, 8-17 and 23-34, 109. 10-12, 110. 1-11, 111. 8-11, in all about 151 verses) and Vanaparva chap. 85. 79-87 and 97 and does not add a single word of explanation or discussioṇ But the other digests profusely quoting mostly from Purāṇas discuss ...
...(pp. 258–265). Gradually, the idea of securing heaven and *mokṣa* by committing suicide at Prayāga or Benāres appears to have spread to other tirthaṣ Vanaparva60 speaks of suicide at Pṛthūdaka (Pehova i...
... wilful death and that the Khila verse (‘Sītāsite’ quoted above on p. 596) has the same meaning. Then he propounds two alternative interpretations of Vanaparva 85. IV] 83, viz, that this passage allows those who are suffering from an incurable disease to commit suicide at Prayāga instead of dying by falling from a ...
...64. Nīlakaṇṭha, the commentator of the Mahābhārata, holds that Vanaparva 85. 83 (na vedavacanañāt &c ) refers to natural death at Prayāga and not to wilful death and that the Khila verse (‘Sītāsite’ quoted above on p. 596) has th...
... Ādi 39. 80 and 43. 32, Matsya 106. 44, Kūrma I 37. 29, Agni 111. 14, Padma, Ādi 43, 44; (5) Bhogavatī, the Vedi of Prajāpati to the north of Vāsukī (Vanaparva 85. 77, Matsya 106. 46, Agni 111. 5, Padma, Ādi 39. 79 and 43. 46; (7) Daśāśvamedhaka (Matsya 106. 46, Padma, Ādi 39. 80; (8) Urvaśīpulina, suicide at which...
...iṣṭhāna on the eastern side of the Ganges, being the same as the Sāmudrakūpa (Vana- parva 85. 77, Matsya 106. 30, Kūrma I. 37. 22, Padma, Ādi 43, 30; Vanaparva 85. 114 appears to suggest that Pratiṣṭhāna is another name of Prayāga; (3) Saṅdhyāvata (Matsya 106. 43, Kūrma I. 37. 28, Agni 111. 13); (4) Hamsaprapaṭana t...
...atsya 106. 27, Padma, Ādi 39 69, Agni 111. 5, Kūrma I. 37. 19), (2) Pratiṣṭhāna on the eastern side of the Ganges, being the same as the Sāmudrakūpa (Vana- parva 85. 77, Matsya 106. 30, Kūrma I. 37. 22, Padma, Ādi 43, 30; Vanaparva 85. 114 appears to suggest that Pratiṣṭhāna is another name of Prayāga; (3) Saṅdhyāvat...
...ambala and Aśvatara which according to some are on the spacious (vipula) bank of the Jumnā and according to others on the southern bank of the Jumnā (Vanaparva 85 77, Matsya 106. 27, Padma, Ādi 39 69, Agni 111. 5, Kūrma I. 37. 19), (2) Pratiṣṭhāna on the eastern side of the Ganges, being the same as the Sāmudra...
Chapter Xiii Kāshī 1
...tory of the greatness and uniqueness of Vārāṇasī literally run into thousandṣ All that can be done here is to set out a few characteristic verseṣ The Vanaparva observeṣ 31 a person coming to Avimukta and resort...
Chapter Xiv Gayā 20
... mainly for two reasonṣ He relies too much on the dubious and unconvincing argument from silence. He examines the account of Gayā that appears in the Vanaparva and compares it with the fuller account in the Gayāmāhātmya and arrives at the rather startling conclusion 'The Gayā proper as known to the Epic (the...
...ace it between 429-400 B. C. 3 Gayaśiras is named in the Vanaparva (87. 11, 95. 9), in the Visnudharma-sūtra 85,4 (in the form Gayā- śīrṣa), Vāmanapurāņa (22,20 as the eastern vedi of Brahmā), Skanda I, 2, 13,21 and even in the Budd...
Let us now turn to the Vanaparva. Dr. Barua mainly relies on Vanaparva 84. 82-103 and 95. 9-29. But some preliminary remarks must be made before the two passages are examineḍ
Let us now turn to the Vanaparva. Dr. Barua mainly relies on Vanaparva 84. 82-103 and 95. 9-29. But some preliminary remarks must be made before the two passages are examineḍ
Vanaparva chapter 82 sets out Pulastya’s replies to Bhīṣma’s question about tīrthaṣ First comes Puṣkara (verses 20-40), then Jambumārga, Tandulikāśrama, Agastyas...
...ref-chapter-xiv-gayā-9">9 These three, Āśmapṛṣṭha, Nira- vinda and Krauñcapadī, are in addition to those sacred spots that are mentioned in Vanaparva 84. In Vayu 109. 15 a hill Aravindaka is said to be a peak of the Śīlāparvata and Nāradīya (uttara 47. 83), Vāyu 108. 75 and Nāradīya (uttara 46. 16) men- ...
...Gayā. This conclusion is very much strengthened by the fact that in the Anuśāsanaparva three sacred spots in Gayā are mentioned which do not occur in Vanaparva 84. 82–103 viz. 'In Gayā a man becomes purified in Āśmapṛṣṭha (the same as Pretaśīlā), on the hill Niravinda and of even a third brāhmaṇa murder in Krauñcapadī'...
...gard to Gayā in 85.82-103 and 87.8-12. We cannot at all presume from the manner in which tīrthas in Gayā are named and des- cribed that the writer of Vanaparva (chap. 84. 82–103) meant to be exhaustive as regards the holy spots in Gayā or the legends about Gayā. This conclusion is very much strengthened by t...
...erefore clear that the intention of the author is not to speak exhaustively about any tīrtha. For this reason some tīrthas are described twice in the Vana- parva. For example Naimisa is very highly praised in chap. 81, 59-64 and again in chap. 87, 6-7. The same happens with regard to Gayā in 85.82-103 and 87.8...
...e that have written on this passage have not carefully considered the implications of verses 1-81 of chapter 84 and also of the following chapterṣ In Vanaparva 84. 1-81 the author makes Dhaumya name about 57 holy places (including such famous ones as Naimisa, Sakambhari, Gangādvāra, Kanakhala, the confluence of Ganga...
Before discussing the most important passage of the Vana- parva (viz. 84. 82-103) we must see what precedes the descrip- tion of Gayā. Dr. Barua and many of those that have written on this passage have not careful...
...s no reference in the Vanaparva to any struc- tural erection or iconic suggestioṇ It is clear that there must have been an image of Dharma, since the Vanaparva speaks of The pilgrim to Gayā having to touch Dharma (Dharmam ista-bhi-samspṛśya). Besides, there is a reference to the footprints of a cow with a ca...
...aken to mean the foot-print of Viṣṇu (Savitṛ). Dr. Barua goes very much further than the facts warrant when he says that there is no reference in the Vanaparva to any struc- tural erection or iconic suggestioṇ It is clear that there must have been an image of Dharma, since the Vanaparva speaks of The pilgrim...
It was unfortunate that Dr. Barua confined his attention on the question of the antiquity of Gayā to merely three works viz. the Vanaparva chapters 84 and 95, the Agnipurāṇa chap. 114–116 and the Vāyupurāṇa chapters 105–112. He did not care to investigate all the other Purāṇas nor did it s...
...f the Vāyupurāṇa, cannot be placed so late as the 13th or 14th century A. D. It is really a patch-work from many sources of earlier times such as the Vanaparva, Anuśāsanaparva, Padma I 38, the Nāradīya (uttara) chap. 44-47 Several verses and half verses of it are repetitions (such as the half verse ‘Gayāyāṁ ...
...7 goes on to refer to the holy river (mahā- nadi) Phalgu, the hill Gayāśiras, the Akṣayya Vaṭa, where food offered to pitrs becomes inexhaustible. In Vanaparva 95 men- tion is made of Brahmasaras (where Agastya went to Dharma- rāja i. e. Yama, verse 12), of Akṣayavaṭa (v. 14) which is an imperishable place of w...
...e many sons if even one (of whom) goes to Gayā, or performs the Aśvamedha sacri- fice or lets loose a *nīla bull* (the pitrs may be gratified ). Then Vanaparva chap. 87 goes on to refer to the holy river (mahā- nadi) Phalgu, the hill Gayāśiras, the Akṣayya Vaṭa, where food offered to pitrs becomes inexhaustibl...
...how Gayā is spoken of in the other parts of the Mahābhārata and the smṛtis In the Vanaparva itself references to Gayā occur in chap. 87 and chap. 95. Vanaparva, chap. 87, starts by saying that going towards the east (from Kāmyaka-vana where the Pāṇḍavas dwelt for some time) the pilgrim would come to the Naim...
... sacred spots in Gayā in Vanaparva chap. 84, it is necessary to see how Gayā is spoken of in the other parts of the Mahābhārata and the smṛtis In the Vanaparva itself references to Gayā occur in chap. 87 and chap. 95. Vanaparva, chap. 87, starts by saying that going towards the east (from Kāmyaka-vana where th...
Having disposed of the question of the date of the Gayā- māhātmya and the references to the sacred spots in Gayā in Vanaparva chap. 84, it is necessary to see how Gayā is spoken of in the other parts of the Mahābhārata and the smṛtis In the Vanaparva itself references to Gayā ...
Chapter Xv Kurukshetra And Some Other Famous Tīrthas 11
...e-other-famous-tīrthas-8">8 that those who resided therein were as if residents of paradise. Kurukṣetra appears to be called Brahmāvarta in Vanaparva 86.6. According to the Vāmanapurāṇa, Kurujāṅgala is
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86.6
The extent of Kurukṣetra is said to be five yojanas in radius (in Vanaparva and the Vāmana Purāṇa)
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...or reasons of space it is not possible to dwell at length on the greatness and sanctity of Kurukṣetra as described in the Mahābhārata and the Purāṇaṣ Vanaparva 83 starts by saying that all beings that are in Kurukṣetra are freed from all sins and that he also who always says 'I shall go to Kurukṣetra, and I sha...
...he same as Asthipura and that in Alberuni's time it was the most famous shrine in Kurukṣetra. Pṛthūdaka on ths Saras-vatī is very highly spoken of in Vanaparva 83. 142-149. 'They say
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83.142-149
...fn-chapter-xv-kurukshetra-and-some-other-famous-tīrthas-18" id="fnref-chapter-xv-kurukshetra-and-some-other-famous-tīrthas-18">18 (named in Vanaparva 84 96, Nāradīya, uttarārdha 65. 83 and Padma I. 26. 90-91) is the same as modern Basthalī, 17 miles to the south-west of Thanesar where Vyāsa resolved t...
...ra. It is not possible to set out all of theṃ But a few words may be said about some of theṃ First comes the lake called Brahmasaras or Pavana-hrada (Vanaparva 83. 85, Vāmana 49. 38-41, Nāradīya, uttara 65-95) on which Kuru stayed as an ascetic. A. G (pp. 334-335) remarks that the lake is 3546 feet long east to wes...
...cept Vināśana which is mentioned in Vanaparva 83.11 and probably Saraka which may be identified with Parīṣaraka of the Ait. Br.). This means that the Vanaparva account of Sarasvatī and Kurukṣetra is later than that in the Śrautasūtraṣ The Nāradīya by some centuries than that in the Śrautasūtraṣ (uttara, chap...
...ī and in Kurukṣetra, they do not at all tally with the tīrthas mentioned in the Brāhmaṇas and the Śrautasūtras (except Vināśana which is mentioned in Vanaparva 83.11 and probably Saraka which may be identified with Parīṣaraka of the Ait. Br.). This means that the Vanaparva account of Sarasvatī and Kurukṣetra is la...
It is a remarkable fact that though the Vanaparva in chap. 83 enumerates several tīrthas on the Sarasvatī and in Kurukṣetra, they do not at all tally with the tīrthas mentioned in the Brāhmaṇas and the...
...ref="#fn-chapter-xv-kurukshetra-and-some-other-famous-tīrthas-63" id="fnref-chapter-xv-kurukshetra-and-some-other-famous-tīrthas-63">63 The Vanaparva (in chap 188 103 and chap. 222.24) mentions the Narmadā along with the Godā- varī and other rivers of the south. In the sama parva (chap. 89. 1-3) it...
...yām ca’ on Pāṇ. V. 475, expressly mentions Godāvarī and has in view ‘Saptagodāvara’. The two Epics and Purāṇas contain numerous references to it. The Vanaparva
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Abbreviations Employed In This List Alone 1
...itramiśra, part of Vīramitrodaya T. S.—Tīrthasāra, part of Nṛsiṁha- prasāda (Sarasvatībhavan series, Benares). U.—Udyogaparva of the Mahā- bhārata V.—Vanaparva of the Mahābhārata. Va —Vāyupurāṇa Vāṃ—Vāmanapurāṇa. Var —Varāhapurāṇa. VD —Viṣṇudharmottara-purāṇa V. Dh. S.—Viṣṇudharma-sūtra (eḍ by Jolly).
List Of Tīrthas 9
...f it as Kaspeiria and states that the country Bidaspes (Vitastā), Sandabal (Can- drabhāgā) and Adris (Irāvatī) Vide Ptolemy pp 108-109 and NM 43. The Vanaparva speaks of the whole country of Kāśmīra as holy (130 10) Anu. A. (vol II p. 354 notes that the whole of Kāśmīra is regarded as holy ground Vide also V...
...above Mithankot Br S. XI 60 states that a malignant Ketu in Dhaniṣṭhā kills the king of Pañ-canada and Br. S 14.21 states it is a country in the west Vanaparva 222. 22 mentions the Sindhu (Indus) and Pañcanada separately (Sindhum nadam Pañcanadam Devikṣetha Palāśinī—(r.) A (near Girnar in Kāthi-wār) Vide under Raiva...
...under VS) SK IV 33 118 Pampāsaras—(Lake Pampā near Rṣyamūka in the District of Bellary) V. 279. 44, 280. 1, Rāṃ III 72, 12, 73. 11 and 32, VI.126 35, Vanaparva 280. 1, Bh VII. 14. 31, X 79 12 (saptagodāvarīm Venām Pampām Bhīmarathim tatah) Pampātīrtha—M 22 50, Bh VII 14 31 P Padmāvatī—Śal. 46. 9 (one of the Māṭsyas...
...ff) states that the hero Paraśurāma practised tapas here along with his disciple Akṛtavraṇa for 100 yearṣ The T. K. pp. 182-185 quote verses 20-39 of Vanaparva chap 82 and twelve verses from P. V. 27 relat- ing to Puṣkara. Al. (vol. II p 147) states: 'Outside the town in three places they have constructed pond...
...inscriptions of centuries before and after the Christian era have been found and that the Guñji Inscription is to be assigned to the 1st century A D. Vanaparva 85. 10 states that the pilgrim who fasts for three days at Rsabhatirtha secures the rewards of Vājapeyayajña Vide V 85,10, P I 39. 10
...aka—(a tīrtha) P VI 129 9 Rathaspa—(r.) It was included in the Pāraskarāḍigaṇa (Pañ VI I 157) The Mbh. (vol III p 96) mentions 'Rathaspa nadi' In Mb (Vanaparva 170 20) a river Rathasthā is men-tioned between Gañgā, Yamunā and Sarasvati on the one hand and before Sarayū and Gomati on the other Rathākhyā r is ment...
Tapovana—A (on south bank of Go.) B 128 1, B (in Vanga country) V S4. 115, P I 38.31. 'Tato vābam' is a misreading in Vanaparva
...e Vādavā—(also called Saptacaru) V.82. 92-99, 222 24, V. Dh S85 37. The coṃ Vaijayantī says that it is some tīrtha in the southern part of India, but Vanaparva points to north-west Dey p. 220 identifies with Bālu on the west coast of the Caspian sea Vadhūsarā—(r. on bathing in which Paraśurāma recovered his ...
...lāvana—V 87 15 (in Pāñcāla country), Anu. 25, 34 Dey p 213 says that it is Bithur, 14 miles from Kānpuṛ in U P Utpalāvartaka—(a forest) N. II 60. 25, Vanaparva q. by T. K p 244 Utpalāvati—(r rising from m Malaya) Vā 45 105, M. 114 30 Utpalinī—(r. in Naimiśa forest) Ādi. 215 6 Utpāṭala—Anu 25. 41 Uttameśvara—...
General Index Of Vol Iv 15
...ed a, in very ancient times, viz. pinda- pitṛyajña, the mahapitṛyajña and Aṣṭakaś 349-350, 353 Anarta, country through which Nar- madā flowed acc. to Vanaparva and in which Dvārakā was situated 704n Āṅgiras, smṛti of 41, 47, 59, 75, 7 81, 83, 84, 85, 86n, 90, 95n, 9 105, 109, 123, 146n, 148, 150, 223, 262n, ...
...to Suttanipāta 707, Tryambakeśvara is the hill on which Gautama had his hermitage 708, two epics and purāṇas contain nu- merous references to it 707, Vana- parva speaks of it as a holy river in the south 707, verse occurring in several purāṇas says that G is on the Sahya mountain and the country through which ...
...nt of, according to Nārada-purāṇa 647, is the Brahma- yoṇī hill according to some modern scholars, while Dr. Mitra holds it is not 646n; named in the Vanaparva, in several Purāṇas and in ancient Buddhist works such as the Mahā- vagga 646 Gayāśrāddhapaddhati of Raghunan- dāna 583 Gayāśrāddhapaddhati of Raghun...
... is the Gayā- māhātmya i. e. Vāyupurāṇa chapters 105–112, 644, not a spot in G. that is not a tīrtha 656, numerous sub-tīrthas of G. are mentioned in Vanaparva chapters 77 and 82, occupies a unique place in the hearts of all pious Hindus even now 643, on entering G pilgrim bathes in Phalgu river, performs tarp...
... ancestors to whom śrāddha is offered at G are either six, nine, or twelve 669, Anuśāsanaparva mentions three spots in Gayā that are not mentioned in Vanaparva chap 84, 649, ascetic has to offer no śrāddha, but should put down his staff on Viṣṇupada 655, bath of Gadādhara with pañcāmṛta explained 664, bath- in...
... mere lamentations 236-37. 'Gaṅgā' 589; eulogy of, in Viṣṇu- purāṇa 587-588, four different streams of G. in four directions 587, grand eulogy of, in Vanaparva chap. 85 verses 86-97, 586, G. does not forsake even the most sinful or wicked man 589, G. is equal to all the 35 millions of holy places dec- lared by...
...eruni and Ain-i- Akbarī 641-642, Vācaspati held that Avimukteśvara-liṅga is the same as Viśvanātha, but the Skandapurāṇa treats them as distinct 633, Vana- parva states that by visiting Avi- mukta and by a bath there pilgrim be- comes free from the sin of brāhmaṇa murder and by dying there secures mokṣa 629, V...
...at the end of a kalpa and Brahmā, Viṣṇu (as Veṇī-mādhava) and Rudra as the sacred Vaṭa stay there at the end of kalpa 600, Kalpataru quotes on P only Vanaparva and Matsya and no other Purāṇa 601; mantra to be recited when women offer their cut hair at P 603, meaning of the statement 'those who die at P are n...
..., 605, 606n, 608, 614, 615, 616n, 617, 623, 625n, 626, 627, 628, 630n, 639 (dozens of verses are the same as those in Kūrma), 640, 648n (borrows from Vanaparva), 649, 651, 653, 659, 661n, 664n, 682n, 683n, 685, 690, 691, 703, 707, 713 Pādonakṛcchra, 143; is ⅛ths of Prājāpatya 143 Paingya 272n Pauthinasī 17, ...
...a 176 Nagna, people defined as n should not be allowed to see a śrāddha 395 Nagnapracchādana-śrāddha 220 Naimiśa, the best tīrtha on the earth acc to Vanaparva 565 Nairañjanā, river on the banks of which the future Buddha dwelt for some time 646 Namaskāravati verse is Ṛg X. 15 2, 502 Nanda-paṇḍita, commentator o...
...1n Pṛthūdaka (modern Pehova) is called Brahmayonitīrtha 685, is the holiest of tīrthas, acc to Vanaparva 566, 685, religious suicide at, mentioned by Vanaparva 608, 685 Ptolemy 765 Pṛthivīcandrodaya 351n, 406a, 424n, 425n, 459n, 464n, 503n, 513n, 515n, 520n, 529n, 535, 547, 555n, 574n, 578n, 580n, 616n, 652a Puc...
...21 Pringle-Pattison, author of 'Idea of immortality' 171n Pṛthūdaka (modern Pehova) is called Brahmayonitīrtha 685, is the holiest of tīrthas, acc to Vanaparva 566, 685, religious suicide at, mentioned by Vanaparva 608, 685 Ptolemy 765 Pṛthivīcandrodaya 351n, 406a, 424n, 425n, 459n, 464n, 503n, 513n, 515n, 520n,...
...de is the highest thing in, acc. to Padmapurāṇa 310, of two kinds, bāhya (of the body) and ābhyan- tara, the latter being superior to the former 310, Vanaparva speaks of three kinds of, viz. in speech, actions and that brought about by water 310 Śaumyakṛcchra 152 Śaunaka, 243, 540n, 544, condemned the begett...
...owed to commit ṣ even if all his life’s work was done, or if he does not desire the pleasures of life and is a Vedāntin 604, important verse found in Vanaparva and some purāṇas relied upon for the approval of religious suicide at Prayāga 608, later purāṇas recommends four modes of religious s and promise res...
...er full of the water of control), 565n, 566n, 568, 625n, 626, 655n, 659, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, 704n, 712, chapter 12 of, is called Karmavipaka 177 Vanaparva 165, 166, 310, 371n, 559n, 561, 562, 565, 567, 582, 589n, 595, 598, 601, 603n, 606n, 608, 614, 629, 647, 649, 651, 653, 682, 685, 704, 707 Vanaprastha (f...
Volume V: Part I 19 references
Chapter Ii Vrata In Vedic Literature Sūtras And Smritis Definition And Importanc 1
...ly used in the sense of a religious undertaking or vow in which one has to observe certain restrictions about food or one’s general behaviour. *Vide* Vanaparva 296 3, Udyogaparva 71–72, Śānti 35 39, Anuśāsana 103 34. It was also applied in the epic to a course or pattern of conduct or behaviour not necessarily r...
Chapter Iv Individual Vratas Chaitra Pratipad Rāmanavamī Akshayya Tritīya Parash 1
... a pativratā, of wifely devotion to the husband unto death (and even thereafter) is very popular and is described at great length in the Mahābhārata (Vanaparva chap. 293–299) and in the Purāṇas (such as in Matsya, chap 208–214, Skandapurāṇa, Prabhāsakhaṇḍa chap 166, Viṣṇudharmottara, II chap 36–41). It is narr...
Chapter V Ekādashī 2
... saying Viṣṇu went to sleep on the 11th, some that Viṣṇu slept on 12th, while a third set said that Viṣṇu slept on the 15th of Āsādha bright half The Vanaparva (203 12) declares that Viṣṇu sleeps on the hoods of Śeṣa Kālidāsa in the Meghadūta refers to both the sleeping of Viṣṇu on his snake couch and his ri...
...re is no difference between Śiva and Viṣṇu.66 Vide Vanaparva 39 76-77, Brahmapurāṇa 130 10–11, 192 51–53, Vāmana 67. 27–28, Varāha 70. 27, Viṣṇupurāṇa V. 18. 50, Brahmāṇḍa III. 43. 47–51, Nāradīya I. 2. 32. Some p...
Chapter Vii Vratas Called Nāgapanchamī Manasāpūjā Rakshābandhana Krishnajanmāsht 3
...vana jewel (Āśvamedhikaparva chap. 79–81). Serpents came to be associated with both Viṣṇu and Śiva. Viṣṇu is said to sleep on the hoods of Śeṣa-nāga (Vanaparva 203. 12 and 272. 38–39) and Śiva wears serpents on his body like yajñopavīta (Anuśāsana 14. 55)
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203.12
...a 87. 74, Vanaparva 49. 20, Bhīṣma 21. 13–15). There are most sublime praises of Kṛṣṇa put in the mouths of Yudhiṣṭhira (Droṇa 149. 16–33), Draupadī (Vanaparva 263. 8–16) and Bhīṣma when about to die (Anuśāsana 167. 37–45). We have further information about him from the Harivaṁśa, the Viṣṇupurāṇa, Vāyu (98. 100–102), ...
...ilosopher. In other passages he is identified with the Supreme Lord of the worlds and as Viṣṇu Himself (Śānti 47. 28, Droṇa 146. 67–68, Karṇa 87. 74, Vanaparva 49. 20, Bhīṣma 21. 13–15). There are most sublime praises of Kṛṣṇa put in the mouths of Yudhiṣṭhira (Droṇa 149. 16–33), Draupadī (Vanaparva 263. 8–16) and B...
Chapter Ix Navarātra Or Durgotsava 1
...aid to be the sister of Śiva in Tai.477 S., but in the times of the Tai. Ar. X. 18 Śiva is said to be the husband of Ambikā or Umā. In the Vanaparva chap. 6 (where there is a long laud of Durgā478 by Yudhiṣṭhira), she is described as the daughter of Yaśodā and Nanda and as the sister of V...
Chapter X Vijayādashāmī And Divālī 1
Bali was the son of Virocana and grandson of Prahlāda, a great devotee of Viṣṇu. In the Vanaparva (28 2) Bali asks his grandfather Prahlāda the question ‘which is better, kṣamā (for- bearance) or tejas’ (vigorous action) In the Śāntiparva 225 13 i...
List Of Vratas And Utsavas 3
Trirātravrata—performed by Sāvitrī. Vide Vanaparva 296. 3 ff. Vide pp. 92–94 above.
... in Mahārāṣṭra and places associated with Datta viz. Audumbara, Gānagāpura, Narsoba-wādī are in Mahārāṣṭra; Dattātreya conferred boons on Kārtavīrya (Vanaparva 115, 160–185, Mat 43. 15–16), was an avatara of Viṣṇu and propounded Yoga to Alarka (Brah. 213 106–112, Mārkaṇḍeya 16 14 ff, Br. III. 8. 84); he resided ...
Puṇḍarīkayajñaprāpti—worship Varuṇa, lord of waters, on 12th; he secures fruit of Puṇḍarika sacrifice; HV I, 1204 (only one verse). Vanaparva 30. 117 shows it was a great yajña like Aśvamedha and Rājasūya. Vide Āśvalāyana Śrauta- sūtra (uttarasatka IV. 4) for Pundarikayāga.
Chapter Xiv Conception Of Kāla 1
...rical way (verses 1-9) and remarks that the man who well knows the action of Kāla and its sublation is never deluded and reaches the highest goal. In Vanaparva Kṛṣṇa is identified with Brahma, Rudra, the Sun, the Moon, Dharma, Yama, Kāla &c. Vide for further references Śāntiparva 25. 5 ff, 224-225.
Chapter Xviii Calendar Eras Various Reckonings About Years Months Etc 1
...c-38">38 provided that the year for work in the Government office of Accounts was a *cāndra* one and ended on the Full Moon of Āṣāḍha. From Vanaparva
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Chapter Xix Kalpa Manvantara Mahāyuga Yuga 5
...attan plates of Pravarasena II, in E. I, 23 p. 81. The theory of Yugas, Manvantaras and Kalpas is elaborated among ancient works in the Mahābhārata ( Vana-parva, chapters 149, 188 and Śāntiparva, chap 69 and 231-232 ), Manu I 61–74, 79–86, Viṣṇudharmasūtra chap 20. 1–21, Viṣṇu-purāṇa 1 3, 6 3, Brahmapurāṇa 5....
...se European scholars who regard Pulīśa to be Paulus Alexandrinus have shown that this detail occurs in the work of the Greek Astrologer Pauluṣ In the Vanaparva (188 22–29) the same account as in Manu occurs except this that 12000 years are called Yuga
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...verses 391-428, Matsya 144 32-47, Kūrma I. 30, Viṣṇupurāṇa VI 1, Bhāgavata XII. 1-2, Brahmāṇḍa II. 31 and in several other purāṇaṣ The description in Vanaparva 188 is summarised in H. of Dh. vol. III pp. 893-895. The names of 33 Kalpas are given in Vāyu, chap 21-23 and Hemādri on Kāla (pp. 670–671 ) sets out fro...
...ga (which extends according to the Purāṇas over 432000 years and of which only about 5057 years have gone by this time in 1956 ) are set forth in the Vanaparva, chap 188, 190, Śānti- parva 69. 80-97, the Harivamsa ( Bhavisyaparva, chap. 3–5 ff ), Brahmapurāṇa chap 229-230, Vāyu chap. 58 and 99 verses 391-428...
...with floods, mountains are concealed and the earth is plunged in waters and all becomes one ocean of water and then god Brahmā resorts to Yogic sleep Vanaparva (chap. 272 32-48 ) also contains a brief description of naimittika pralaya
Volume V: Part II 27 references
Chapter Xx Vedic Meaning And Procedure Of Shāntis 1
Examples of unfavourable happenings (nimittas or utpātas) occur plentifully in the Mahābhārata, Sabhāparva 80. 28–31, 81. 22–25, Vanaparva 179. 41, 224. 17–18, Virāṭa 39. 4–6, 46. 24–32, Udyoga 84. 4–9, 156. 28–30, Bhīṣma 2. 17–33, 3. 65–74, 19. 36–38, 99. 21–28, 112. 6–12, Droṇa 7. 34–41, 77. 3...
Chapter Xxi Individual Shāntis 1
...ring red flowers and was anointed with red unguents &c. (verses 19–27). Similar dreams occur as seen by Trijatā in the story of Rāma contained in the Vanaparva chap. 280. verses 64–66. In the Ayodhyākāṇḍa (chap. 69. 8. ff) Bharata who was with his maternal uncle saw in a dream his father (Daśaratha) dirty and ...
Chapter Xxii Origin And Development Of Purāna Literature 3
...ter-xxii-origin-and-development-of-purāna-literature-17">17 Further, the Matsya-purāṇa and a Purāṇa proclaimed by Vāyu are mentioned in the Vanaparva.
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...efore the work was composeḍ The characteristics of the Kaliyuga in the Yugapurāṇa bear a very close resemblance to the description of Kaliyuga in the Vanaparva (chap. 188. 30–64), one half verse being the same in both.
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...ed *ślokas, gāthās, anuvamśa ślokas*), some of which have a bearing upon Paurāṇika subjects and have a Paurāṇika ring. Some examples may be citeḍ The Vanaparva
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Chapter Xxiv Influence Of Purānas On Dharmashastra 2
The Purāṇas institute a comparison between solemn Vedic sacrifices on the one hand and pilgrimages and baths at sacred places on the other. The Vanaparva
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... the good, for the destruction of evil-doers and the establishment of piety'. The same idea occurs in some of the *parvans* of the Mahābhārata, as in Vanaparva 272. 71 and Aśvamedhika-parva 54. 13. None of the ten avatāras, except those of Kṛṣṇa and probably Rāma, ('Rāmaḥ śastrabhr̥tām-ahaṁ', Gītā X. 31) are, howeve...
Chapter Xxvi Tāntrik Doctrines And Dharmashastra 1
...of a Kāpālika on Śrīparvata and as having secured supernatural powers by means of mantraṣ Śrīparvata is mentioned as a holy place of Śiva and Devī in Vanaparva 85. 19–20. The Vāsava- dattā of Subandhu ( p. 87 of Hall’s eḍ ) speaks of Śrīparvata as ‘Sannihita-mallikārjunaḥ.’ Later on a few passages from Sanskrit and Pr...
Chapter Xxix Some Fundamental Doctrines Of Pūrvamīmāmsā 1
...immediately set iṇ The Bhārata war was fought between Dvāpara and Kali (Ādiparva 2. 13) and Kaliyuga was about to start at the time of that war (vide Vanaparva ‘etat kaliyugam nāmacirād-yad pravartate’ and Śalya 60. 25 (‘prāptam Kaliyugam viddhi’). It is on account of this pretention that he was very roughly...
Chapter Xxxi Dharmashastra And Sānkhya 1
...ya-pravacanabhāṣya (eḍ 1856) pp. 14 ff for the confused legends about Kapila. Some references to Kapila in the Mahābhārata have already been noteḍ In Vanaparva (221. 26) Kapila is styled as the promulgator of Sāṁkhya-yoga, as Paramaṛṣi and as an incarnation of Agni. In the Matsyapurāṇa
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221.26
Chapter Xxxii Yoga And Dharmashastra 2
...ds as well as in the Mahābhārata, the Bhagavadgītā and the Purāṇas and their relationship to one another is the same in all these. In Śv. Up. VI. 13, Vanaparva 2. 15, Śāntiparva 1 22...
...f the ancient Upaniṣads, though it is known to the Maitrāyaṇi Up. (vide ṇ 2327 above). The word Samādhi occurs in the Bhagavadgītā (II. 53–54) and in Vanaparva (3. 11) and in Śāntiparva 195. 19–20, Ch. eḍ). The Viṣṇupurāṇa
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3.11
Chapter Xxxv The Doctrine Of Karma And Punarjanma Transmigration Or Metempsychos 2
In chapters 30–32 (of ch. eḍ) of Vanaparva there is a dialogue between Draupadi and Yudhiṣṭhira, who, having lost his kingdom in gambling with the Kauravas, was in exile and hard presseḍ Draup...
...longed to a brāhmaṇa or kṣatriya clasṣ Skanda is known in classical Sanskrit as the God of War (as in Gītā X. 24 ‘Senānīnām-aham Skandaḥ’) and in the Vana-parva 229. 22–23 he is mentioned as the commander of the armies of gods and the Śāntiparva mentions that Nārada approached Devala for knowledge about the creation and...
Chapter Xxxvi Fundamental And Leading Characteristics Of Hindu Culture And Civil 4
...ound in a ब्राह्मण, then the शूद्र is not a शूद्र (should not be treated as a śūdra ) and the brāhmaṇa is not a brāhmaṇa. A similar passage occurs in Vanaparva 216. 14–15 ( quoted above in note 1640 pp. 1005–6 and compared to Dhammapada 393, translated on p. 1005 ). When the wrangles between Vaiṣṇavas and others were a...
...of ferment, some revolt and criticism about the petrified caste systeṃ The epic frequently refers to the theme of वर्णस and जातिस्. Vide for example, Vanaparva (chapter 180), Virāṭaparva 50. 4-7, Udyoga 23. 26, 40. 25-29, शान्ति 188. 10-14, Anusāsana 143. A few passages may be set out here. शान्ति 188. 10 sa...
...ef-iii-working-on-the-doctrine-that-there-is-only-one-essence-or-godhead-the-sages--8">8 had gone so far even in the early ages that in the Vanaparva (180. 31-33) Yudhiṣṭhira is made to say that 'It is difficult to ascertain the caste of a person on account of the confusing mixture of Varṇas; all men raise prog...
.... Śankarācārya on V. S. I. 3. 38 points out that śūdras like Vidura ( Ādiparva 63. 96–97 and 114, 106. 24–28, Udyogaparva 41. 5 ) and Dharma-vyādha ( Vanaparva 207 ) possessed knowledge of brahmavidyā and that it is impossible to say that they were not able to secure Mokṣa. Vide above pp. 921–22 and note 1468a f...
Index To Vol V 9
..., 1372; styled Ādidivān and Paramarṣi in a quotation from Pañcaśikhā 1374 and ṇ Kapila, called Vāsudeva, reduced to ashes the sons of Sagara, acc. to Vanaparva and Viṣṇupurāṇa, 1362. Kapilaṣaṣṭhī Yoga 279, 706. Kapota bird, messenger of ill-luck in Ṛgveda, 729. Kāraka, astrological meaning of, 590. Karamalka...
...in Bhāgavata, 1373; K., Āsuri, Vodhu and Pañcaśikha as four of the seven sons of Brahmā 1372; first promulgator of Sāṅkhya, acc. to Sāṅkhyakārikā and Vanaparva, expounded it to Āsuri 1356-7, 1372; mentioned in Sv. Up. V. 2 is claimed by Sāṅkhyas to be their founder, while Śaṅkarācārya says that there is an-o...
...of cause or source of creation 465; units of K. 486 ff; Upaniṣads use the word K. in the sense of 'end' or 'proper time' or 'appointed time' 464-465; Vanaparva identifies Kṛṣṇa with K., Brahma, Rudra etc, 467; views on time being non-existent as a separate entity or as being directly apprehended or as merely i...
...ra ), 1638n, 1639 (king was a divinity in human form ), 1645–6, 1669 (duties common to all men ); some verses are identical with those in Śāntiparva, Vanaparva and some Purāṇas 688n, 1266n, 1516n, 1578; some verses of, almost identical with verses in Āp. Dh. S. 817; some verses of, almost the same in Matsyap...
...ents at the advent of Brahmā's night and reappearing at day 695, 1503; terrible and harrowing descriptions of naimittika pralaya from Kūrmapurāṇa and Vanaparva, 694; works like Harivaṁśa and Purāṇas say that at the end of Kalpa the sage Mārkaṇḍeya alone remains, lies in the side of Viṣṇu and comes out of Viṣ...
...o the path of virtue and right by the fear of God, of public opinion, fear of punish-ment by the State and by the prickings of their conscience 1474; Vanaparva holds that what the majority of people practise is the dharma in the midst of conflicting śrutiś, smṛtis and learned men 1469; three classes of peopl...
...rses in Venk. eḍ and prose in chap. 26, 44, 93). Vaṁśas (lists of teachers and pupils) in Bṛ. Up. II. 6. 3 and VI. 2-3 do not completely agree, 1373. Vanaparva, 27, 90n, 92n, 110, 118, 127, 129, 185, 202, 267, 497n, 539, 651n (time of starting of Kṛtayuga), 659, 686, 691-93, 743, 812n (on Kalisvarūpa), 821 (...
...ic path 974–975; how śayana (sleeping) and prabodha (awakening) of V. are to be celebrated, 112; identified with sacrifice (yajña) 957; Meghadūta and Vanaparva mention the sleeping of Viṣṇu on the snake Śeṣa and waking up 110, 127; one thousand eight names of V. set out in Anuśāsana parva, chap. 149 and Garu...
...whole tithi, whether spread over two days or more, 77. **Yugapurāṇa** ( part of Gārgī-san-hitā ); characteristics of Kali-yuga in Y. closely resemble Vanaparva description, one half verse being same 827; descrip-tion of the contents of, 826-8; date of, acc. to Jayaswal 828; K. H. Dhruva on Y. 826; monograph ...