12
Śāntiparva
The Book of Peace — Bhīṣma's teachings on rājadharma, āpaddharma, mokṣadharma.
332 references across 8 volumes
Most-Cited Adhyāyas
Adhyāya 1 (10)Adhyāya 59 (5)Adhyāya 69 (5)Adhyāya 165 (5)Adhyāya 85 (4)Adhyāya 5 (3)Adhyāya 57 (3)Adhyāya 15 (3)Adhyāya 78 (3)Adhyāya 34 (3)
Volume I: Part I 81 references
1 Meaning Of Dharma 1
...ty, as in the well-known verse ‘Ādityacandrāvanilosnalāśca... dharmāśca jānāti narasya vṛttam’ (Mahābhārata, Ādi., chap. 74.16) (which also occurs in Śāntiparva 90.75 ). Vide H. of Dh. Vol. V (part 1) pp. 19–21 for the three words ‘vrata’, ‘dharman’ and ‘ṛta’ and JBBRAS. Vol. 29 (1954) pp. 1–28. In the hymns of the...
3 When Dharmashastra Works Were First Composed 1
...to Amarakōśa, 'kratu' (vedic sacrifice) and 'vistāra'. Gṛhya is derived from 'gṛha' (which means 'house or a shed' or 'wife' ('gṛhiṇī gṛhamucyate' in Śānti-parva 144-6 Ch eḍ). The gṛhya fire was set up by a man at or after marriage or on partition of inheritance. Vide Āśv. Gṛ. S. I. 6 1 (Pāṇigrahaṇād gṛhyam paricare...
5 The Dharmasutra Of Gautama 1
...iginally a strip of mountainous coast in Asia Minor in which Miletus was in the 6th century B. C. the richest city in the Greek worlḍ Even the M. B. (Śāntiparva 207. 43, Ch. eḍ) has 'Yauna-Kāmboja-Gandhārāḥ Kirātā Barbaraiḥ saha) and Aśoka in his 5th Rock Edict has 'Yona-Kāmboja-Gandhārānāṃ' If Bühler had even then h...
9 Vasishtha Dharmasutra 1
...rty timeṣ Towards the end of the present text (edition of Vaṣ, chap. 30. 9-10) occurs the verse ‘yā dustyajā’ &c., which is found in Vanaparva 2. 36, Śānti-parva 174, 55 and 276. 12 and Anuśāsana 7. 21. The last sūtra (of Vasiṣṭha Dh. S.) contains an obeisance to Vasiṣṭha who is described as the son of Mitrāvaruņa...
12 The Dharmasutra Of Sankha Likhita 3
...possible to live if one adopts Śaṅkhālikhita mode of life, particularly when one intends to secure the protection of the subjectṣ' In another place ( Śāntiparvan 132. 15–16 ) it is said 'Some hold that conduct or practice is the best characteristic of dharma, others to whom Śaṅkha-Likhita are dear do not like...
...ass="fn-ref">1 The Mahā-bhārata ( in Śāntiparvan, chap. 23. 18–43 ) narrates the story of the two brothers, Śaṅkha and Likhita, who resided in separate dwellings surrounded by treeṣ Once Likhita ca...
...not unlikely that the two had led or emphasized an excellent moral life. Thereafter, the redactors of the Mahābhārata included them in a story in the Śāntiparva and the Pali writers included the gist of that story in their workṣ Just as it is difficult to assign a definite date to the Mahābhārata, so also it ...
14 Arthashastra Of Kautilya 25
...te dignitaries ) tested by spies ( as in Kauṭ. I. 12. 20 ), verse 47 refers to _amātyas_ beyond the reach of _upadhas_ ( cf. Kauṭ. I. 10. 1 ff ). The Śāntiparva devotes more than 100 chapters to Raja- dharma from chap. 56. Śānti, chap. 58 ( 1-4 ) names
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...ven to the three viz. agriculture, rearing cattle, trade and commerce (*vāṇijya*) including various artṣ Vide Sabhāparva 5. 83, Vanaparva 150. 30-31, Śāntiparva 59. 33, 68. 35, 268. 3. The epic says ‘Vārtāmūlo hyayam lokastrai yyā vai dhāryate sadā’ ( Śānti 68. 35 ). The Rāmāyaṇa also ( II. 100. 47 ) says ‘this worl...
...ra-of-kautilya-13" id="fnref-14-arthashastra-of-kautilya-13">13 Vide also Śānti 111. 73, 138. 39 and 43. It has already been shown that the Śāntiparva names several expounders of Nītiśāstra. Bṛhaspatimata is frequently quoted in the great Epic on politics and connected matterṣ Bṛhaspati is said to b...
...tice several centuries before Christ is clear from the Mahābhārata and the early Dharmasūtras like those of Gautama, Baudhāyana and Āpastamba. In the Śāntiparva the word Nītiśāstra is frequently used in the sense of political science. For example, Śānti 138. 196 states that ‘aviśvāsa’ (not putting trust in an...
... to secure by the first three.12 Śāntiparvan (59. 59) states that, according to the Ācāryas, the vices (vyasanas) of kings are ten in all, either due to Kopa (anger) or to Kāma (lust).
...l. V. pp. 1385–6 for a discussion of the meaning of *yogakṣema*. The passages quoted above from different *parvans* of the Mahābhārata (not only from Śāntiparva) show that the author of the Mahābhārata had before him a treatise of Bṛhaspati on Arthaśāstra. that it was extensive, contained verses and that it w...
...patimata and Auśanasāśāstra. Śānti 59. 51 refers to 'Saptāngarājya'; Manu IX. 294 and Kauṭilya (VI. 1. 1) also mention the seven constituent elementṣ Śāntiparva states that Bṛhaspati prescribed Utthāna (effort, endeavour) for kings and as the basis of rājadharma and recites verses thereoṇ<...
...s to sit on the head of it.19 In Śāntiparva a verse is quoted from Bṛhaspati’s work as recited by Marutta in the section on kings viz. ‘that punishment should follow even in the case of a *guru...
...ṣ The Nītisāra may be centuries earlier than 800 A. D. for all we know. Kāmandaka further tells us that he looked upon Viṣṇugupta as his Guru. In the Śāntiparva ( chap. 123 ) there is a dialogue between Kāmandaka and Aṅgariṣṭa, king of Aṅga. The name Kāmandaka is thus comparatively ancient.
...55" id="fnref-14-arthashastra-of-kautilya-55">55 in A. III. 14. 27 ( *anāhitāgniḥ śatagur-ayajvā ca sahasraguḥ* ) is found in Manu XI. 14, *Śāntiparva* 165. 9 and in Gaut. Dh. S. 18. 26–27 ), all three in another connection). A. III. 7. 1–2 (in prose) have almost the same idea and words as Manu 8. 3...
.... 22 and Viṣṇu Dh. S. 35. 3–5 first half). In this case it is difficult to say who borrows from whom, but it is probable that Kauṭilya borrowed from *Śāntiparva* or Bauḍ A half verse55 in A. II...
...ālākṣa, Śukra ( the same as Uśanas ) and Indra ( probably Kauṭilya's Bāhudantīputra ), whose abridgment of Brahma's work is called Bāhudantaka in the Śāntiparva ( chap. 59 ).
The Mahābhārata mentions other writers on politics, viz. Gauraśiras, Kāśyapa, Utathya, Vāmadeva, Vasuhoma, Kāmandaka ( Śāntiparva 123. 11 ) and a few others which are not found in the Kauṭiliya.
...hoṃ Manu (in its original form) might have contained it and Bauḍ Dh. S. is an old Dharmasūtra. And therefore A. might have taken it from Bauḍ or from Śāntiparva or some earlier source. Similarly, the verse 'Pradīpaḥ sarva-' in Vātsyāyanabhāṣya might have been taken in the 4th century A. D. by that work from t...
Similarly, in Śāntiparva ( chapter 218. 9 ) the Lokāyata- mata† is said to have been expounded by Pañcaśikha, the first pupil of Āsuri, to king Janaka. The doctrin...
...above as a predecessor in the Arthaśāstra. Bhāradvāja is one of the expounders of Rājaśāstra mentioned in Śāntiparva 58. 3. Chap. 140 (71 verses ) of Śāntiparva is called Kaṇikopadeśa at the enḍ But in the verses at the start it is said to be a dialogue between Bhāradvāja and king Śatruñjaya of Sauvīra.
...may be the same as the Bhāradvāja mentioned above as a predecessor in the Arthaśāstra. Bhāradvāja is one of the expounders of Rājaśāstra mentioned in Śāntiparva 58. 3. Chap. 140 (71 verses ) of Śāntiparva is called Kaṇikopadeśa at the enḍ But in the verses at the start it is said to be a dialogue between Bhāradvāja an...
As regards the *Mahābhārata*, the problem is far more difficult. As shown above the *Śāntiparva* ( in 58. 1-3 ) names certain expounders of *rājaśāstra*, almost all of whom are named by A. and criticizeḍ Another noteworthy fact is that the *Mahā...
...d ‘labdha- prasamana ’ occurs in Śānti 45.10 and A. XIII. 5. In A. VI. 1.1 the elements of the State are said to be seven and the same is the idea in Śāntiparva 5 and Manu IX. 294. For the antiquity of the itihāsa and Purāṇa, vide H. of Dh. Vol. V. pp. 816 ff. In the Pāriplava that was listened to for a year in...
The present Mahābhārata contains many matters that are very much like those in the Arthaśāstra. The eulogy of daṇḍa occurs in A. (I. 4. 8–16), in Śāntiparva ( chap. 15 and 121 ) and also in Manu VII, 17–31 and some of the verses in the latter two are almost the same. The word ‘labdha- prasamana ’ occurs i...
...and 5 more in this chapter
17 Ushanas 4
...ha and the whole science of Nīti (Rājanīti) appeared to hiṃ The Udyogaparva states that everyone except Bhārgava follows the wrong nīti (39. 30). The Śāntiparva (210. 20) states that Bhārgava expounded Nītiśāstra which is beneficial to the world and Śuka (289. Ch. eḍ) explains how Uśanas came to be called Śukra. Vide u...
...tantra (B. S. S. eḍ of 1873 p. 41 and Hertel’s eḍ p. 30). Bhārgava is said to be the first expounder of Nītiśāstra in Śānti. 210. 20. Two verses from Śāntiparva, chap. 138. 113 and 139. 71 are interesting as having been declared by Uśanas to Prahlāda viz.
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...tional share to the eldest son, III. 6 ), as Auśana-sāh prescribed fines in cases where witnesses proved stupid &c. ( III. 11, 44 ). The Mahābhārata, Śāntiparva3 ( chap. 56, 29-30 and 57. 3) refers to a work on politics by Uśanas...
...pointment of pleaders, for the issue of sanads to them, for remuneration payable to them and for penalties in cases of misconduct or negligence. Vide Śāntiparva 57. 40-41 for a famous verse of Bhārgava ( i. e. Uśanas ); राजानं प्रथमं विन्देत्ततो भार्यां ततो धनम्। राजन्यसति कोऽकस्य कुतो भार्या कुतो धनम्॥
23 Devala 1
The name Devala as that of a sage frequently occurs in the Mahābhārata and is closely connected with Asita. Vide Sabhāparva 59. 9-11, Śalya 50 and Śāntiparva 230. In Sabhā ( 72. 5 ) it is stated that Devala declared that a man has three lights viz. sun, actions and correct knowledge. In the Gītā also ( in X. 13 )...
26 Brihaspati 1
... these places there are dist- inct references to a śāstra or *mata* of Bṛhaspati and sections of his work are referred to (as e. g. rājādhikāra). The Śānti- parva (170. 12) describes how a king could, according to Bṛhaspati's views, secure his goal in four wayṣ
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170.12
27 Bharadvāja And Bhāradvāja 3
... 1. 79). That is, the Bhāradvājīyas were a school of grammarianṣ Bharadvāja is said to be the eldest son of Bṛhaspati in Anuśāsanaparva 30. 24 ff. In Śāntiparva7 chap. 140 there are two verses ...
...hābhārata in the same wordṣ5 The Śāntiparva ( chap. 140 ) contains a dialogue between Bhāradvāja and king Śatruñjaya of Sauvīra in which daṇḍa is said to be the most pre-eminent among the exped...
It appears to the present author that Kauṭilya instead of separately mentioning Bharadvāja reported in the Śāntiparva and Manu, probably lumps the three (viz. Bharadvāja, Vyāsa who quoted Bharadvāja's views and Manu) and refers to the three as 'ācāryāḥ' here. It is r...
29 Sumantu 1
...cient one. In the Bhāga-vatapurāṇa ( XII. 6. 75 and 7. 1 ) Sumantu is said to have been a pupil of Jaimini and a promulgator of the Atharvaveda. Vide Śāntiparva 341. 19 for Sumantu and other pupils of Vyāsa and Sabhā 4. 11. In the daily *tarpaṇa* the name of Sumantu occurs along with Jaimini, Vaiśampāyana, Paila.
30 The Smritis 1
... or that does not treat the Veda as not authoritative and treats of varṇa, jāti, āśramas and cognate topicṣ The word Smṛti occurs in the Mahābhārata (Śāntiparva 85. 10). But the more frequent word is Dharmaśāstra, though Manu (II. 10) says ‘Smṛti is Dharmaśāstra.’ On Pāṇ. I. 2. 64
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85.10
31 The Manusmriti 8
...n-31-the-manusmriti-3" id="fnref-31-the-manusmriti-3">3 In another place the account is slightly different and Manu does not figure thereiṇ Śānti-parva (chap. 59. 80–85) describes how the original work of Brahmā on the three, Dharma, Artha, and Kāma, in 100000 chapters was successively reduced to 100...
... works (parti- cularly the Mahābhārata) hold that all dharmas and all vidyās abide in Rājadharma, that the welfare of the people depends on the king (Śāntiparva 141. 9). Though the general tendency was to say that Dharma progressively declines in each of the four yugas, yet this idea
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141.9
...rya languages such as Pauṇḍrakas, Oḍras, Kāmbojas, Yavanas, Pāradas, Pahlavas, Cīnas, Śakas, Kirātas, Daradas and Khaśas ( X. 44–45 ). Similarly, the Śāntiparva ( in chap. 65 )22 mentions in a dialogue between Ind...
...' (120. 32). There are some important references to Pracetasa Manu in the Mahābhārata, though in the Manusmṛti no text or view is ascribed to hiṃ The Śāntiparva (in chap. 58. 1-3) names seven propounders of rājadharma viz. Bṛhaspati, Viśālākṣa, Kāvya (Ūśanas), Sahasrākṣa, Mahendra, Pracetasa Manu, Bhāradvāja ...
...extant Manusmṛti, there is no cogent reason why the same words in other parvans should not be regarded as referring to the Manusmṛti. Besides, in the Śāntiparva also we meet with the words 'Dharmas or rāja- dharmas of Manu' and in Ādiparva the word 'dharma-darśane' (120. 32). There are some important referenc...
...ctly speaks of ‘a śāstra declared by Manu’.44 In the Śāntiparva are quoted two ślokas ‘sung by Manu in his own dharmas,’ one of which is identical with Manu
... in interpreting Veda. The Tantravārtika (p. 191) further quotes a passage as of Manu which does not occur in the present Manu but occurs in the MBH, Śāntiparva 140.38, which states that a man should first extricate himself from distress by any action, soft or hard, and then when he becomes able, should practise wha...
32 The Two Epics 24
...to four pupils viz. Sumantu, Jaimini, Paila, Vaiśampāyana and to Śuka his own son and these five promulgated separate five versions of the story. The Śāntiparva ( chap. 327. 26–33 and 349. 10–12 ) repeats the same story about the five pupils of Vyāsa. The extant Mahābhārata is supposed to be the one that Vaiś...
...aranti ca ) he quotes only two verses of the Mahābhārata. Vide note below. This establishes that Śaṅkarācārya held that the Mahābhārata including the Śāntiparva ( which modern critics regard as interpolated later ) was earlier than the Vedānta-sūtra. The present author has attempted to establish that when the...
...vargyaḥ’ and ‘Akrūravargiṇaḥ’ as well as Vāsudeva-vargyaḥ and Vāsudevavargiṇaḥ. This reminds one of the dialogue between Kṛṣṇa and Nārada reported in Śānti parva, chap. 81. It appears from that chapter that there was jealousy among the Yādavaṣ
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... 59). Stray references to a few other incidents of the Rāma story may be made here. For example, Rāma being led to pursue the gold-coloured deer; the Śāntiparva refers briefly to the story of Śambūka. The Śalyaparva mentions that Rāma cut off the head of a rākṣasa and the Śānti refers to the killing of Rāvaṇa...
...aid to have been killed by Rāma (Yuddha. 67. 180-181), while in the Rāmopā- khyāna it is Lakṣmaṇa who does so (Vanaparva 287.18-19 ). Besides, in the Śāntiparva (chap. 29 ) there is a brief reference to Rāma’s rule for 11000 years and the ideal happiness of the people under his rule. In the Droṇaparva also Rā...
...ap. 277. Śalya 38. 39-45 are the same as Vanaparva 83. 116-121. The Śodaśarājakīya occurs twice, once in the Droṇaparva (chap. 55-1) and again in the Śāntiparva chap. 29. The story of Āstika occurs twice, in Ādi 13ff and in chap. 48ff agaiṇ
...ed and the word Vṛṣa thereiṇ The Nirukta of Yāska and its explanation of the word 'śipiviṣṭa' (which occurs in Ṛg. VII. 100. 6-7) is mentioned in the Śāntiparva.335 The Nirukta (V. 8) gives the explanation of the word provided by Aupamanyava which is derogatory (to Viṣṇu), while Yāska appears to pr...
... Brāhma (belongs to Brahmā ), because it was formerly created by Brahmā and waṣ (later) reduced to differ ent varṇas by their (diverse) actions'. The Śāntiparva annou nces 'Truthfulness, charity, freedom from hatred and wickedness, humility, kindness and tapas,—where these are seen, he is known as brāhmaṇa. I...
...fulness, self-restraint, tapas, charity, ahimsa, constant adherence to dharma, these are the means (of higher life) among men, not caste nor family.’ Śāntiparva says ( 188. 10 ) 'there is no difference among the (four) varṇas; this world is Brāhma (belongs to Brahmā ), because it was formerly created by Brahm...
...-32-the-two-epics-31" id="fnref-32-the-two-epics-31">31 quoted below. Hopkins, in spite of his learning and industry, here forgets that the Śāntiparva (210. 20) ascribes a Nitiśāstra to Bhārgava and among the expounders of Rājaśāstra
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210.20
...a (147. 11). Vālmīki's name is not mentioned in those chapters and this story was probably interpolated later. The Vanaparva is in extent next to the Śāntiparva. These two and the Anuśāsanaparva cover about two-fifths of the whole of the extant Mahābhārata. The 4th passage (quoted in the note below )
...e and who pursues the wrong path40 occurs in both. The Śāntiparva (in 57.6) says that in former times king Marutta recited an ancient śloka in Bṛhaspati’s treatise in the section on kings (Rājādhikāra) and that it is 57.7. An...
...ry hunter and the female bird, on the death of the male bird, entered fire and killed herself, a fine verse is put in the mouth of the female bird in Śāntiparva 148. 6-7.39 In the Ayodhyākāṇḍa 39. 30-31 Sītā repeats the same...
...="#fn-32-the-two-epics-46" id="fnref-32-the-two-epics-46">46 The Dināra is not mentioned in the 18 parvaṇs of the Mahābhārata ( not even in Śāntiparva nor in Anuśāsanaparva ) as Hopkins admits on p. 387. Supposing for a moment that the mention of dināra in Harivamśa is not interpolated, still from t...
... have written a work called ‘Vedānta-kaṭaka’ and refers to what he says therein on ‘Daharādhikaraṇa’ (i.e. Brahmasūtra I. 3. 14–21) At the end of the Śāntiparva and of Anušāsana° he enumerates53 the several teachers...
...4, 352 ) have only eleven verseṣ A few chapters like 192, 338, 342 have a few verses and also long prose passageṣ I have calculated the verses in the Śāntiparva and they come to about 13200 or so in the Chitrasbala edition, but if one takes into account the prose passages ( and calculates them as versified wi...
...us reasonṣ In the Śāntiparva the longest adhyāya ( 138 ) has 221 verses, then comes chap. 284 with 208 verseṣ On the other hand the shortest chap. of Śāntiparva is 363 ( of six verses only ), chapters 353 and 365 have only nine verses each, while some chapters ( such as 129, 136, 304, 352 ) have only eleven ver...
... the number of chapters stated in Ādiparva, chap. 2. It is possible that later redactors arranged the chapters differently for various reasonṣ In the Śāntiparva the longest adhyāya ( 138 ) has 221 verses, then comes chap. 284 with 208 verseṣ On the other hand the shortest chap. of Śāntiparva is 363 ( of six v...
...di. 2.331–338 it is stated that in the Anuśāsanaparva there are 146 adhyāyas and 8000 verseṣ In the Chitrasbālā edition there are 365 chapters in the Śānti parva and 168 in the Anuśāsanaparva. Thus the chapters in the two parvans (in the present text ) exceed the number of chapters stated in Ādiparva, chap. 2....
...and 4 more in this chapter
33 The Purānas 1
...sup> Dāna (charity and gifts) came to be regarded as conferring the highest rewards in the Manusmṛti (I. 86 ‘tapaḥ paraṃ.. dānamekaṁ kalau yuge’), in Śāntiparva, Vāyupurāṇa (6.65-66), Parāśarasmṛti (I. 23). The gifts of food (and particu-larly to brāhmaṇas) were regarded as highest. When the invasions by fore...
34 The Yājnavalkya Smriti 1
The name of Yājñavalkya is one of the most illustrious among Vedic sageṣ He is credited with having promulgated the White Yajurveda. In the Śāntiparva (chap. 312) we are told that there was a rupture between Vaiśampāyana and his pupil Yājñavalkya and that by worshipping the Sun the latter received t...
35 The Parāshara Smriti 1
...butes a bhikṣusūtra to Pārāśarya.3 ‘In the Śāntiparva ( Chapters 290–298 ) there is a lengthy dialogue between Parāśara and king Janaka.
36 The Nāradasmriti 1
...maiva kartavyam--iti hovāca Nāradaḥ। etad-hi sarvamācaṣṭa Vṛṣṇicakrasya vedavit). Śānti (30.6) says that Nārada was the maternal uncle of Parvata. In Śāntiparva 29. 13 ff it is stated that Nārada comforted Yudhisthira on the death of his many relatives and warriors by dilating upon the stories of sixteen ancient kin...
38 Kātyāyana 1
...o be offered to the relatives of a person departed are the same as Yāj. ( III. 8–11 ) and one verse in the same con- text occurs in the Mahābhārata ( Śāntiparva 27.31 and other places ).19 On p. 631 Kātyāyana speaks of Rāma havin...
54 Shat Trimshan Mata 1
...m hinasti (No. 111 in the list of Dr. Batakṛiṣṇa Ghosh) quoted by the Smṛticandrikā (Vy. p. 89) as Vyāsa’s occurs in the Mahābhārata (Ādi. 82, 16 and Śāntiparva 165. 30). Verse 129 (Ādityacandrāvanilo which is the mantra to be employed in ordeals) occurs in Ādiparva 74. 30. No. 140 of the collection by Dr. Ghosh defi...
Volume I: Part II 6 references
71 Vijnāneshvara 1
...Introduction to Rājadharmakāṇḍa p. 19 he quotes Raghuvaṁśa IV. 12 ‘rājā prakṛtirañjanāt’. In this Kālīdāsa follows what is stated in the Mahābhārata. Śāntiparva (in 59. 125) states ‘rañjitāśca prajāḥ sarvās tena rājeti śabdyate’ and in 57. 11, ‘lokarañjanam-evātra rājñām dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ’. In the footnote 2 on that page ...
78 The Kalpataru Of Lakshmīdhara 1
...bout 285 verses ), Devipurāṇa ( 190 verses ), Brahmapurāṇa ( 81 verses ). He quotes only about 84 verses from the Mahābhārata in this Kāṇḍa (when the Śāntiparva alone devotes over 100 adhyāyas to Rājadharma ), quotes about 76 verses from other Purāṇas (in all about 726 verses from the Purāṇas and Mahābhārata ...
102 Dandaviveka Of Vardhamāna 2
...r the weak and further the king properly awarding punishments becomes endowed with the three goals of life viz. dharma, artha and kāma (Manu VII. 27, Śāntiparva 121. 10). Kauṭilya (in I. 4. 11-14) emphasizes the same thingṣ
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121.10
...ose of Manu and Yājñavalkya deal with crimes and punishments, but the treatment is brief and mixed up with other matterṣ For example, Manu VIII. 20 (=Śāntiparva 15. 30) states that if the king were not vigilant in awarding punishment to those who deserve to be punished, the strong would devour the weak and further t...
107 Raghunandana 1
...arācārya11 on Brahmasūtra I. 3. 38 quotes a portion of Śāntiparva 328. 49 for establishing that Smṛti declares that men of all four varṇas have the right (or privilege) to acquire knowledge of Itihāsa and Purāṇaṣ The Dharma...
119 Conclusion 1
...dānavidhi, p. 731. Brahmapurāṇa, pp. 126, 601, 670, 903ṇ Brahmasiddhānta, p. 732ṇ Brahmasūtra, pp. 299, 356; Śaṅkara’s bhāṣya on, pp. 65, 443; quotes Śāntiparvan to the effect that all the four varṇas are entitled to acquire knowledge, p. 895. Brahmayajña, p. 129ṇ Brahmayāmala, p. 910ṇ Breloer, pp. 157, 215. ...
Volume II: Part I 29 references
Chapter I The Topics Of Dharmashastra 1
...-topics-of-dharmashastra-23">23 recognise the distinction between what is beneficial ( *hita* ) and what is most beneficial ( *hitatama* ). Śāntiparva ( 288. 20 and 330. 13 ) declares that what conduces to the greatest good of beings is ' *satya*.'
Chapter Ii Varna 2
...="#fn-chapter-ii-varna-148" id="fnref-chapter-ii-varna-148">148 (X. 13) has practically the same remarks to make about pārasava and niṣāda. Śāntiparva (59. 96-97) speaks of niṣādas as men with reddish eyes and with black hair. In the Rāmāyaṇa Guha, the king of niṣādas, helps Rāma to cross the river Gaṅges (Ayod...
...o the fruition ( of their goal ) and not caste nor family’. Udyogaparva (43. 20 ff.) explains at great length what is meant by self-restraint. In the Śāntiparva 164 (189. 4 and 8) ‘Truthfulness, generosity, free- ...
Chapter Iii The Duties Disabilities And Privileges Of Varnas 7
...hing the Veda and śāstras in accordance with ancient rules and who do not go about seeking gifts nor accept invitations for dinner at śrāddhaṣ In the Śāntiparva 199 brāhmaṇas are divided into two sorts, viz. those who are pravṛtta (i. e. engage in all sorts of activities for acquiring wealth) and those who are ni...
...-iii-the-duties-disabilities-and-privileges-of-varnas-51" id="fnref-chapter-iii-the-duties-disabilities-and-privileges-of-varnas-51">51 The Śāntiparva (78. 18) calls upon persons of all varṇas to wield arms when the rules for holding society to- gether are broken and when dasyus (robbers or low persons) caus...
...disabilities-and-privileges-of-varnas-63" id="fnref-chapter-iii-the-duties-disabilities-and-privileges-of-varnas-63">63 Udyoga-parva 38. 5, Śāntiparva 78. 4-6, Hārīta (as quoted by Aparārka p. 1113) contain long lists of things the sale of which was forbidden to brāhmaṇaṣ Apart from these negative rules, th...
...ccount of birth. The Tai. Br. III. 7. 3 says ‘ One should sacrifice in the right hand of a brāhmaṇa ; the brāhmaṇa indeed is Agni-vaiśvā- nara’. Vide Śāntiparva 343. 13-14, Manu IV. 117, Likhita 31, Vaṣ Dh. S. 30. 2-5. The same ideas of the sacredness and the superiority of brāhmaṇas were carried forward and further emp...
... near Gadag dated śake 934 (1012 A. D.) refers to taxes levied even on upanayana, marriages and vedic sacri-fices (E. I. vol. XX. pp. 64 and 70). The Śāntiparva (76. 2–10) contains an interesting disquisition on the taxation of brāhmaṇaṣ Those brāhmaṇas who have mastered all the lores and who treat all equally well are ...
...he-duties-disabilities-and-privileges-of-varnas-120" id="fnref-chapter-iii-the-duties-disabilities-and-privileges-of-varnas-120">120 In the Śāntiparva (34. 17 and 19)
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...r-iii-the-duties-disabilities-and-privileges-of-varnas-165">165 ‘I am a śūdra and so I have no right to resort to the four āśramas’. In the Śāntiparva
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Chapter Iv Untouchability 1
...e regarded caṇḍālas as included among śūdras, for Manu X. 41 declares that all pratiloma castes are similar to śūdras in their dharma and because the Śāntiparva 297.289 expressly says that the vaidehika is ...
Chapter Vii Upanayana 6
...-3, Bauḍ Dh. S. I. 2. 40-42, Manu II. 241. Manu II. 238 allows even a brāhmaṇa to learn śubhā vidyā (visibly beneficial knowledge) even from a śūdra. Śāntiparva 165. 31 does the same.169 The Mit. on Yāj. I. 118 ...
...are eternal and the whole universe (including the gods) emanates from the Veda and reliance is placed on certain Upaniṣad passages and on Manu I. 21, Śānti-parva 233. 24 and other smṛtis The Bṛ. Up. IV. 5. 11 says that the Vedas are the breath of the great Being (i. e. the Supreme Spirit, God) ; in Bṛ. Up. I. 2. 5 the...
... 'Greeks in Bactria and India' p. 254 argues that the Yavanas in the Nasik inscriptions were not Greeks but only Indian citizens of a Greek poliṣ The Śāntiparva 65. 17-22 prescribes for Yavanas, Śakas and similar tribes only the duties of obedience to parents and attendance on teachers and tending cattle and looking af...
...endants became absorbed into the vast Hindu community. This process has gone on for at least two thousand yearṣ The beginnings of it are found in the Śāntiparva chap. 65 where Indra tells the Emperor Māndhātṛ to bring all foreign people like the Yavanas under brahmanical influence. The Besnagar column inscripti...
...ters, persons connected by marriage, maternal uncles, dependents, relations, sacrificial and family priests, children, wife, slaves (Manu IV. 179-180=Śāntiparva 244, 14–16, Yāj. I. 157–158); he should carry a bamboo stick, a water jar, kuśa grass, wear two yajñopavītas, two garments (upper and lower) and two gold...
Chapter Xi Polygamy Polyandry And Rights And Duties On Marriage 6
...s only what is limited, the brother and the son do the same; what woman would not worship the husband who gives what is unlimited or immeasurable!’ (*Śāntiparva* 148. 6–7). The Matsyapurāṇa 210. 18 contains this last verse and adds ‘the husband is the god for women and is their highest goal.’ This idea of the...
...e to lie on a low bed, shall receive bad food and clothing and her occupation will be the removal of sweepings of the husband's house'. Gaut. 23. 14, Śānti-parva 165. 64 and Manu VIII. 371 are more harsh on a woman who has intercourse with a low-caste man, i. e. she is to be punished by the king with being devoured by...
...ss has not undergone penance, she is to be given in the house itself starving maintenance and to be depriv- ed of all her rights as wife (Yāj. I. 70, Śāntiparva 165. 63) ; (5) a wife, who commits adultery with a śūdra or has had a child thereby, who is guilty of killing her foetus or of attempt to kill the husband or...
...ly till her next period ( Atri 197-198 ) and Devala ( 48-49 ) pres- cribes purifications for a woman raped by mlecchas and conceiving thereby. In the Śāntiparva 267. 38 it is said that it is not the woman who is at fault, but it is the man who is at fault ( when the woman goes astray ). In the Varuṇapraghasa
.../sup> Vide Bauḍ Dh. S. II. 2. 63-64, Manu III. 55-62, Yāj. I. 71, 74, 78, 82, Vaṣ Dh. S. 28. 1-9, Atri vv. 140-141 and 193-198, Ādiparva 74. 140-152, Śāntiparva 144. 6 and 12-17, Anuśāsana 46, Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa 21. 69-76. The Kāmasūtra III. 2 says that women are like flowers ( kusuma- sadharmāṇo hi yoṣitaḥ ). It has ...
...-75">75 (105. 14-16) says that 'the mother excels in her greatness ten fathers or even the whole earth; there is no guru like the mother. ' Śāntiparva chap. 267 contains a very high eulogy of the mother. Atri 151 says that there is no guru higher than the mother. The great Pāṇḍava heroes pay the highe...
Chapter Xii The Duties Of A Widow Some Privileges Of Women And The Purda System 2
...60. 12) says ‘just as birds flock to a piece of flesh left on the ground, so all men woo (or try to seduce) a woman whose husband is dead'; while the Śāntiparva (148. 2) remark: 'all widows are in sorrow even if they have many sons'.
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148.2
...abhāparva 41. 13 prescribes ‘one’s weapons should not be directed against women, cows, brāhmaṇas, against one who gave livelihood or shelter’. In the Śāntiparva (135. 14 ) even thieves are instructed not to kill womeṇ Vide also Ādi. 155. 2, 217. 4, Vanaparva 206. 46. The Rāmāyaṇa ( Bālakāṇḍa ) also breathes this sentime...
Chapter Xv Satī Self Immolation Of Widows 1
....7 The Śāntiparva ( chap. 148 ) describes how a kapotī ( female pigeon ) entered fire on the death of her husband the birḍ
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Chapter Xvii Āhnika And Āchāra 3
...ika-and-āchāra-2" id="fnref-chapter-xvii-āhnika-and-āchāra-2">2 In the Mahābhārata also the eulogy of the order of householder is frequent. Śāntiparva 296. 39 is the same as Manu VI. 90. Śānti 270. 6-7 states ‘as all beings live on the support given by their mothers, so other āśramas subsist on the support ...
...or a store filling a corn jar, one who collects as much as will satisfy his needs for three days, or one who makes no provision for the morrow. Vide *Śāntiparva* 244. 1-4 and Laghu-Viṣṇu II. 17 for similar statementṣ The Mit. on *Yāj.* I. 128 says that ‘*śālīna* is of four varieties *viz.* (1) one who maintai...
...the oblations thrown into the fire reach the sun, that sends rain, from which springs corn, that is the sustenance of all beingṣ Vide Manu III. 76 (= Śāntiparva 264. 11) and Sṃ C. I. p. 155, Par. M. I, part I, p. 130 for the eulogy of agnihotra.
Volume II: Part II 13 references
Chapter Xix Devayajna 1
...d and the establish-ment of dharma.38 In the Śāntiparva (339. 103-104) the avatāras are stated to be ten and they are the same as now accepted except that Haṃsa is mentioned instead of Buddha and Kṛṣṇa is called Sātvata....
Chapter Xxi Nriyajna Or Manushya Yajna 2
...as to say that even if a householder hates a visitor or the latter is a fool, the householder should give him food if he arrives at the time of mealṣ Śāntiparva 146. 5 says that even an enemy when he comes to one's house as a guest must be hospitably treated, as a tree does not remove its shade from one who approach...
...r-xxi-nriyajna-or-manushya-yajna-18">18 Vide also Ap. Dh. S. II. 3. 7. 16. One verse quoted in numerous works like the Viṣṇu Dh. S. 67. 33, Śāntiparva 191. 12, Viṣṇupurāṇa III. 9. 15, Mārkaṇḍeya 29. 31, Brahmapurāṇa 114. 36 is ‘when a guest returns from the house of a person with his hope of getting food sh...
Chapter Xxii Bhojana 3
...e following smṛtis deal with this matter at length. Gaut. 17, Āp. Dh. S. I. 5. 16. 17-I. 6. 19; Vaṣ Dh. S. 14, Manu VI. 207–223, Yāj. I. 167–181. The Śāntiparva chapters 36 and 78, the Kūrmapurāṇa (uttarārdha chap. 17), Padma (ādīkhaṇḍa chap. 56), and several other purāṇas deal with this topic. Among the digest...
...palement. The Śāntiparva (110. 22) declares that those men who always avoid honey and meat and intoxicants from their birth surmount all difficultieṣ Śāntiparva (34. 20) prescribes that, if a man drank liquor when in danger of life or through ignorance, he was to undergo upanayana agaiṇ Acc. to Viṣṇu Dh. S. 22. 83-85<...
...musala (iron pestle) for the destruction of the Yādavas was produced and directed that any breach of his order would be punished with impalement. The Śāntiparva (110. 22) declares that those men who always avoid honey and meat and intoxicants from their birth surmount all difficultieṣ Śāntiparva (34. 20) prescribes tha...
Chapter Xxvi Pratishthā And Utsarga 1
..."fn-ref">21 built for them (caitya). Śāntiparva 184. 1-17 graphically describes how trees have life since they feel pain and pleasure and grow though cut. The Bhaviṣyapurāṇa quoted in the Utsarga-mayūkha (p...
Chapter Xxvii Vānaprastha Forest Hermit 2
...21. 18—II. 9. 23. 2, Bauḍ Dh. S. III. 3, Vaṣ Dh. S. IX, Manu VI. 1-32, Yāj. III. 45-55, Viṣṇu Dh. S. 95, Vaik. X. 5, Śaṅkha-smṛti VI. 1-7 (in verse), Śāntiparva 245. 1-14 and Anuśāsana 142, Aśvamedhika-parva 46. 9-16, Laghu-Viṣṇu III, Kūrmapurāṇa (uttarārdha chap. 27) contain numerous rules about forest hermitṣ The pri...
...varṇas could become a vānaprastha, but a śūdra could not do so. Manu VI. 1 when starting the topic of vānaprasthas employs the word ‘ dvija ’. In the Śāntiparva 21. 15 it is stated that a kṣatriya after trans- ferring the kingdom to his son should subsist in a forest on wild food and follow the śrāvaṇa scriptureṣ
Chapter Xxviii Sannyāsa 3
...10–24, Āp. Dh. S. II. 9. 21. 7–20, Bauḍ Dh. S. II. 6. 21–27 and II. 10, Vaṣ Dh. S. X., Manu VI. 33–86, Yaj. III. 56–66, Vaik. IX. 9, Viṣṇu Dh. S. 96, Śāntiparva chap. 246 and 279, Ādiparva chap. 119. 7–21 and Aśvamedhika 46. 18–46, Śaṅkha-smṛti (VII. in verse), Dakṣa VII. 28–38, Kūrmapurāṇa (Uttarārdha, chap. 2...
...t kṣatriyas could resort to sannyāsa. 21 Śāntiparva (63. 16-21) allows sannyāsa to kings when their life is about to enḍ But the general words of Śānti 62. 2 appear to be in conflict with thiṣ ...
So far as the smṛti texts and the medieval works are con- cerned a śūdra could not become a sannyāsiṇ The Śāntiparva (63. 11-14) is quite clear that a śūdra cannot be a bhikṣu. It also (18. 32)
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63.11-14
General Index 1
...veda, 31; was a Kaurava king according to Nirukta, 31. Śantatīya, hymn in Ṛgveda (VII. 35), 833ṇ Śānti, rites for birth on inauspi- cious times, 237. Śāntiparva, 2n, 6, 7n, 8n, 10, 41, 42, 51n, 70, 71, 81, 101, 128, 155, 324 &c. Sāpiṇḍa relationship, 452-478; about the adopted son, 470; according to Dāyabhāga...
Volume III 49 references
Chapter I Preliminary 11
...and Usanas The Śānti- parva (81–3) names as expounders of rājaśāstra Bṛhaspati, Bharadvāja, Gaurasiras, Kāvyā, Mahendra, Manu Prācetasa and Viśālākṣa Śāntiparva (102 31–32) opposes the view of Śambara to that of ācāryas
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...efore the Christian era follows from several considerations The Anuśāsanaparva (chap 39 8) speaks of the śāstras composed by Bṛhaspati and Usanas The Śānti- parva (81–3) names as expounders of rājaśāstra Bṛhaspati, Bharadvāja, Gaurasiras, Kāvyā, Mahendra, Manu Prācetasa and Viśālākṣa Śāntiparva (102 31–32) opposes the...
... were to tell the truth and were to be punished if they be untruthful It will be noticed how Āp briefly covers the whole field of rāja- dharma In the Śāntiparva of the Mahābhārata rājadharma is dealt with at great length in chapters 56–130 and to some extent in 131–172 The Manusmṛti also states at the beginni...
...s lapseṣ *Vide* Gautama X. 7-8, XI. 9-11, Āp. Dh. S II. 5 10, 13-164, Vasiṣṭha 19 1-2, Viṣṇu III. 2-3, Nārada (prākirnaka, 5-7 and 33-34), Śāntiparva 77 33 and 57 15, Matsyapurāṇa 215.63, Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa 27 28 and 28 36 and H. Dh. vol. II p. 965. Therefore it may be said with truth ( as done by the ...
...e happiness of individuals in the State and therefore one often finds that rājadharma is said to be the root of or the quintessence of all *dharmas*. Śāntiparva (63.25) states 'know that all *dharmas* are merged in rājadharma; that rājādharmas are at the head of all *dharmas*' and (141 9-10) 'the welfare, good rains,...
...thousand chapters, that Manu abridged it as regards dharma, Bṛhaspati as regards artha and Nandi abridged in 1000 chapters the science of erotics The Śāntiparva (69) gives (verses 33-74) a summary of the contents of the work of Brahmā on rājadharma which remarkably agrees with the principal topics of the Kauṭilīya
...t subjects therein, yet apart from the works on dharmaśāstra separate treatises dealing with rājadharma alone came into existence in very early times Śāntiparva (chap 59) states that originally in the Kṛta age there was no king nor punishment, that then moha (delusion), greed and lust entered men, that in ord...
...t, sanction) or this science carries (or sets forth) the rod of punishment; hence it is called daṇḍanīti and it (faces) pervades the three worlds’ In Śāntiparva 69. 76 it is stated that ‘daṇḍanīti controls the four varṇas so as to lead them on to the performance of their duties and when it is employed by the ruler p...
...sance to Manu, Bṛhas- pati, Śukra, Parāśara and his son and Cāṇakya as the authors of nṛpaśāstra (science of kingship) Another name is Daṇḍanīti. The Śāntiparva (59. 78) explains why Daṇḍanīti is so called viz ‘this world is led (on to the right path) by daṇḍa (the power of punishment, sanction) or this science carrie...
...by reliance on the sacred codes of law but on reason as well (v 17) and that Indra himself has declared this rule which he derived from Bṛhaspati. In Śānti-parva a weak king is advised to harass a very powerful ruler's state by sword, fire and poisoṇ In chap 130 it is stated that the preservation of the state ...
...0 we have a discourse by Kanika said to have been a mantra of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and a pro-found student of Rājaśāstra, which is almost on the same lines as Śāntiparva chap 140 where Bhīṣma sets out what lines of policy (nīti) should be followed by the ruler in adversity and how he should give up all thoughts of kindl...
Chapter Ii Seven Angas Of Rājya 13
...of the seven elements is complementary to the others, that if the state is defective even in one out of the seven elements it does not pull well. The Śāntiparva it is stated that it is not possible to say categorically that any one of the seven excels the others in merit, but that at different times a different...
...ass="fn-ref">5 225, 17, Agnipurāṇa 226. 16 and Śāntiparva 15 8 state that daṇḍa is so called because it suppresses those that are not restrained (from the root 'dam') and punishes those that are imprudent or un...
...0, Matsyapurāṇa 225. 9, Mānasollāsa II. 20 verse 1295. Numerous works contain eulogies of danda. The king is called daṇḍadhara in many works e. g. in Śāntiparva 67.16 and Kāṃ I. 1. Gautama XI. 28 says that the word danda is derived by the wise from the root 'dam' (to control), that he (the king) should control by m...
...aka) or when there is no fear of punishment, the condi- tion of *mātsyanyāya* follows is declared by several works such as the Rāmāyaṇa II. chap. 67, Śāntiparva 15. 30 and 67. 16, Kāmandaka II. 40, Matsyapurāṇa 225. 9, Mānasollāsa II. 20 verse 1295. Numerous works contain eulogies of danda. The king is called daṇḍad...
...on his head and destroys the king together with his relations Kām 2. 38 makes it clear that daṇḍa foolishly wielded might exasperate even hermits The Śāntiparva 92 19 recommends that a king who has false and very wicked ministers and who puts down dharma should be killed by the people Even as early as the Tai S ...
...o was jealous of the gods, wanted sacrificial offerings to be made to himself (and not to the gods) and violated dharma, was killed by the brāhmaṇas (Śāntiparva 59 93-95, Bhāgavata-purāṇa IV. 14 ) The Anuśāsanaparva
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59
...ed by them as the king's share in return for the protection afforded by hiṃ But Kauṭilya is silent as to whether Manu made any promise to the people. Śāntiparva, chap. 59, states how Vainya, the first king, was called upon by the gods and sages to take an oath and how he promised them that he would protect th...
...but the divine character (the king possesses) on account of which people remain under his control’? It must be said that in both III] chapters of the Śāntiparva there is no proper theory of contract between king and people.
We may examine the theories of the origin of kingship in the Mahābhārata. The Śāntiparva deals with this subject in two places, in chap. 59 and 67. In chap. 59 Yudhisthira asks the great warrior and statesman Bhisma how the title ‘king’ a...
... (from the people)' and Yaj. I 334 lays down that a king who protects according to śāstras receives the 6th part of the merit (punya) of the subjectṣ Śāntiparva (57. 44-45) states 'One should abandon six persons like a leaking boat in the ocean viz. a teacher who does not explain, a priest who does not study the Veda, a ...
... (Beal’s B R W. W. vol II p 272) It was almost a universal rule that a male alone was to be the ruler. There appear to have been stray exceptionṣ The Śāntiparva (33.43-46 ) enjoins30 upon a conquer...
...1 remarks that ‘persons of other varṇas who subsist by the mode prescribed for kṣatriyas have power over the kingdom and have to protect the people’. Śāntiparva remarks, that whoever protects people from the hordes of dasyus and wields the power of punishment according to smṛti rules must be considered as kin...
...ven-handed towards all his subjects and look after their welfare. The long list of Śankha-likhita agrees more or less with those of Kauṭilya and Yaj. Śāntiparva 70 states that the king should possess 36 quali-ties, viz. he should not speak bitterly, he should be godly, not wicked, not haughty, of agreeable addre...
Chapter Iii Duties And Responsibilities Of The Ruler 5
...ction is a life-long sattra in which he has to give up fear and softness of heart. Vas 19 7-8 and Viṣṇu Dh S III 2-3 are similar to Gaut XI 9-10. The Śāntiparva (23 15) repeats a gāthā of Bṛhaspati 'As a snake swallows mice lying in holes, so the earth swallows these two viz a king who does not fight ( an inv...
All works are agreed that the first and foremost duty of the king is the protection of subjectṣ Śāntiparva (68 1-4) notes that all the seven expounders of polity (rājāśāstraprane-tārah) named by it extol protection as the highest dharma of the king. Manu V...
...e world, that he should fight as a duty without caring for gain or loss, victory or defeat and if he fights with this attitude no sin attaches to hiṃ Śānti parva 78 31 states that just as those who join in the bath of the king at the end of the Aśvamedha are purified of all sins, so all soldiers (of whatever cast...
...ng pays) is his impartiality to all (lit behaving in the same his coronation corresponds to the bath of the person who is consecrated for a sacrifice Śāntiparva
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...in the Kāvyamīmāṁsā of Rājaśekhara (p. 92). Kauṭilya also employs the expression ‘ cāturanto rājā ’ (a king of the earth up to its four boundaries ). Śānti-parva
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Chapter Iv Ministers 1
...by Messrṣ Mawajee and Parasnis in 1913, where the names of the eight ministers of Shivaji are stated and their duties are described (p. 123 ). In the Śāntiparva (85. 7-9 ) it is declared that the king should have 37 *sacivas*, of whom 4 should be learned and bold *brāhmaṇas*, 8 valiant *kṣatriyas*, 21 prosperous *vaiśya...
Chapter V Rāshtra The Territory Of A State 1
...aṇḍa ( i. e. fighting and harassing them ) and that ( VII. 198, 200 ) daṇḍa is to be employed as the last resort, since victory is not certaiṇ In the Śāntiparva 69. 23 the view of Bṛhaspati is quoted
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69.23
Chapter Vii Kosha Treasury Or Finance 1
...ay the first attention to kośa. Gautama (as cited by S. V. p. 46) holds that kośa is the basis or support of the other six elements of the State. The Śāntiparva 119. 16 calls upon the king to guard his finances with great effort, since kings depend upon kośa, which tends to the prosperity (of the kingdom). Kāṃ XIII. ...
Chapter Viii Bala The Army 2
... and victory depended on elephants 7 Śānti- parva (100. 24) says that an army in which the infantry pre- dominates remains firm and that cavalry and chariots are all right when there is no raiṇ Śānti (59. 41-4...
...o not secure victory so much by their armies and prowess as by truthfulness, freedom from cruelty, the observance of dharma and energetic actionṣ The Śānti- parva (95. 17–18) states that it is better to die while fighting according to the rules of dharma rather than obtain a victory by wicked actionṣ
Chapter Ix Suhrit Or Mitra Ally Or Friend 1
...of which twelve are constituted by kings (*rājaprākṛtīs*) and 60 (five sovereignty elements of each of the twelve) are styled (*dravyaprakṛtīs*). The Śāntiparva (59 70-71) also refers to a mandala of 12 kings and to the number 72. Vide N. N. Law's 'Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity' pp 195-208 for elucidation o...
Chapter Xi Meaning Of Vyavahāra Vyavahārapadas Kautilya On This Subject Grades O 2
...among men then and that in each of the three succeed- ing yugas dharma declined progressively by the introduction of theft, falsehood and deceit. The Śāntiparva (59. 13 ff) narrates that in the Kṛta age there was no king and no punishment, that gradually kāma (lust) and rāga (passion) began to wield sway and ...
...e advent of sinful promptings, that therefore regulation of life by the learned and the king came into vogue (compare Gaut VIII. 1). Manu I. 81-82 (= Śāntiparva 231. 23-24) state that in the Kṛta age dharma prevailed in its perfection, there was no advent of adharma among men then and that in each of the three succeed- ...
Chapter Xv Decision 2
...n in the section on rājadharma (p. 21). The end sought to be served by punishment was the protection of society and the securing of its happinesṣ The Śāntiparva (15 5-6) remarks that people do not commit sins through fear of punish- ment at the hands of the king, through fear of Yama and of the next world and...
The Śāntiparva chap. 268 contains an interesting dialogue between king Dyumatsena and his son prince Satyavat on the subject of the punishment of death, which contain...
Chapter Xxxiv Kalivarjya Actions Forbidden In The Kali Age 1
...yed there for 50 nights and when he found that the Sun had started on its apparent northward path (uttarāyaṇa) he came to Bhīṣma (Anuśāsana 167 5) In Śāntiparva 51. 14 Kṛṣṇa says to Bhīṣma : ‘You have yet to live 56 days’ Nīla-kantha, who takes Śalya 34 6 as the dominant passage, puts a most far-fetched construction...
Appendix Note 191 3
**राष्ट्रिय**—Ruler of a district or province. Vide p 117 and note 155a above and Śāntiparva 85. 12.
...asada &c. ). संघीकृत्—Vide p. 111 above. सन्धिबिग्रहिक—Minister for peace and war. This form of the word occurs in Visnudharmottara II. 24. 17 and in Śāntiparva 85 30. संनिपातृ—The Superintendent of the construction of the royal treasury, store houses &c. The word occurs in Kaut II. 5, I. 12 and in the plate of ...
...s 8-9 are the same as Udyogaparva 35. 33-34 and verse 8 occurs also in Bauḍ Dh S. I. 10. 35 and Vaṣ 16, 34; verse 11 is the same as Ādiparva 74. 103, Śāntiparva 162. 26 and Anusasana 75. 29; verse 25 is almost the same as Manu 8. 89. निनयनमुक्क्रम् । एका हमाशाीं संवांवार्ध । यस्य घटस्फोट: कृतस्तेन संसर्गी न केनापि का...
General Index 6
... 55. daṇḍanīti, a work of Keśava 13, 264, 265n, 403 daṇḍanīti 5, four objects of 6, identi- fied with Arthaśāstra 843n, identified with rājadharma by Śāntiparva 5; meaning of 5, said to he the support of the world 6, said to have been produced by Sarasvatī 6, was special concern of kṣatriyas 5. Dandāparuṣya (as...
...2, 609, 644, 708, 819n, 853, 860, 885, 888, 904–921, astronnmıcal data in 904–921, Machiavellian advice in 10–11, purpose of the composi-tinn of 872, Śāntiparva of, deals with rājadharma at length 2. Mahābhārata war, date nf 902ff. Mahābhāsya 38n, 46n, 88, 104, 135, 140n, 141n, 144n, 161, 183, 190, 487, 499o,...
...ing the guilty goes to Hell 242, purposes for which office of k was created by God 21; qualities of a good k. 44- 45, qualities of a k. are 36 acc to Śāntiparva 45, qualities of a k are 96 acc to Paraśurāmapratāpa 46; reasons for raising the l to the position of a divinity 27, responsi- bilities of 161-168, righ...
...9, 70, 96, 107, 118, 160, 187n, 189n, 201, 271n- 274n, 277n, 278. **Raja Rao**, Mr M. 879n **Rājaśāstra**, expounders of, acc. to Anuśāsana-parva and Śāntiparva 2. 56. expoonders of, acc to Kauṭilya 3. expounders of, acc Nītiprakā- śikā 4 Rājaśekhara, author of Kāvyamīmāṁsā 47n, 67, 136 Rājasūya 64, 111, 962. Abhis...
...i 960-61 Sannyāsin, see under Yati Sāntā, adopted by Lomapāda 675 Santana, younger brother of Devāpī became king 41, 164, 609. Santatīya, mantras 75. Śāntiparva, 2-6, 8, 10, 12, 13n, 17n, 18n, 21-28, 30-31, 33-34, 37, 40, 44-45, 48, 50n, 51, 53n, 56-59, 61n, 62, 67-68, 70-71, 76-79, 87, 101, 105-107, 118, 127...
... of Vīramitrodaya, 928n, 930. Sāmayamayūkha 930, 941n 949, 964. Sambandhatattva 878 Sambandhaviveka, a work 878 Sambara, as a writer on Rājāśāstra 1n Śāntiparva 2 Sambhajī-raje-caritra, a work 81n Sambhalā, village, where Kallin will be born, 923 Sambhūya-samutthāna (partnership) 466-470. Samrāj, meaning of 63 ...
Volume IV 21 references
Chapter I Sin In Rigveda Conception Of Rita Enumeration And Classification Of Si 3
... to do what is ordained, by resorting to what is con-demned (prohibited) and by not controlling the senses, man incurs fall (i e sin)' Manu XI 44 and Śāntiparva 34 2 are similar verses The mitākṣarā explains that mat-ters ordained are such as performing *Sandhyā* (morning and evening adorations) and Agnihotra an...
...a*, *rajas* and *tamas* which combine in various proportions in different men and that it is *rajo-guṇa* that is the cause of man's sinfulness In the Śānti-parva, chap. 163, it is stated that there are thirteen very powerful enemies of men beginning with anger (*krodha*) and *kāma* (lust) and it is said that *...
...ose who are guilty of the four *mahāpātakas* has already been described in H. of Dh. vol. III. pp. 614, 944. Gaut. 21.3, Vaṣ I. 21-22, Manu XI. 180 (=Śāntiparva 165. 37), Yāj. III. 261, Viṣṇu Dh. S 35.3, Agnipurāṇa 170. 1-2 prescribe briefly that one who closely associates or dwells with any one of the four grave sin...
Chapter Ii Means Of Reducing Consequences Of Sins 1
... they cannot fulfill their duties by non-eating'. This is explained as not applying to prāyaścittas (Bauḍ Dh Ś II. 7 34) and to fasts on Ekādaśī. The Śāntiparva 323 17 states 'Just as a dirty garment is afterwards cleansed by water, so to those who are heated in (the fire of) fasting inexhaustible happiness for a...
Chapter Iii Prāyashchitta Its Origin Derivation And Meaning 1
Chapter Vi Consequences Of Not Undergoing Penances 3
...unishments meted out to perpetrators of various sins In the Mahābhārata also narakaș and the torments thereof are frequently referred to For example, Śāntiparva 321 32 speaks of Vaitaraṇī and Asipatravana, Anuśāsana (23 60–82 ) speaks of the actions that lead to hell*(each verse having the refrain te vai niraya-g...
...tle, there are Gandharva damsels there for the brave (and there is hell for the coward) and that svarga yields all desires that one may entertaiṇ The Śāntiparva (192. 8 and 21) states that svarga was in the North, that (Śānti 191 13, 193 27) there was neither hunger nor thirst nor weariness nor old age nor si...
...s of securing long-enduring happiness which is free from the taint of all kinds of sorrow and which is present at the mere desire of the enjoyer. The Śāntiparva expressly states 'The wise do not regard the other world as directly seen by anyone; one has to entertain faith (in the existence of the other world)...
Chapter Vii Eschatology 3
...pproaching death. It is impossible for want of space to set out in detail these signṣ But the gist of a few verses is mentioned by way of sample. The Śāntiparva (chap 318) states that a man who is not able to see the star of Arundhati which he could formerly see, nor the pole-star nor the full moon, nor his o...
... who is not crooked—these live for a hundred years' (104. 11–12 and 14). IV] Several works specify the signs indicative of the approach of death. The Śāntiparva of the Mahābhārata (chap. 318. 9-17), Devala quoted in the Mokṣakāṇḍa of the Kalpataru (pp. 248-250, about 20 verses), the Vāyupurāṇa (chap. 19 verse...
There are also dicta about the time when it is best to die. The Śāntiparva of the Mahābhārata states ‘he who dies after the sun has gone to the northern direction (i. e. when the apparent motion of the sun towards the north ...
Chapter Ix Shrāddha 3
...as the promulgator of śrāddha rites and Viṣṇupurāṇa III. 1 30, Vāyu 44. 38 and Bhāgavata III. 1. 22 designate Manu as Śrāddha-deva. Similarly, in the Śāntiparva 345.36 14–21 and the Viṣṇu-dharmottara I.139. 14–16 ...
...father is designated Saṅkarṣaṇa, that to the father is known as Pradyumna and the offered of the pindas is him- self in the position of Aniruddha. In Śāntiparva 345. 21 it is stated that Viṣṇu should be looked upon as staying in the *Amāvāsyā* the pitṛs assuming an aerial form come to the door of their former haunt a...
...preferable as entitled to offer piṇḍas to the deceased propositus was to take the wealth. A few matters not mentioned there may be added here. In the Śāntiparva 65. 13-21 it is narrated82 that emperor Mandhātr was told ...
Chapter X Ekoddista And Other Shrāddhas 1
.... 54 The Śāntiparva (chap 42. 7) states that while Yudhisthira performed the after-death ceremonies of the fallen heroes he erected sabhās, prapās, water reservoirs and ...
Chapter Xi Tīrthayātrā Pilgrimages To Holy Places 1
...is better to stay at home and perform all the duties of a householder including the perform- ance of vedic sacrifices than to go on a pilgrimage. The Śānti- parva
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Abbreviations Employed In This List Alone 1
...ver. R.—Rājataraṅgiṇī (edited and trans- lated by Dr. Stein). Rām—Rāmāyaṇa. S.—Sabhāparva of the Mahābhārata. Śal.—Śalyaparva of the Mahābhārata. Śāṇ—Śāntiparva of the Mahābhārata. SK.—Skandapurāṇa SM.—Stein’s Memoir on maps illustrating the Ancient Geography of Kashmir. T. K.—Kalpataru on tīrthas (G. O. S.) ...
Appendix Of Long Sanskrit Passages 1
...s, Kirātas, Śakas, were absorbed into the Hindu fold and were induced to adopt the practices of Hindus (such as śrāddhas and gifts to brāhmaṇas) Vide Śāntiparva chap. 65. 13–21 quoted above in note 830 (p. 364). A Greek ambassador of king Antialikita (Antialkidas) named Heliodora, son of Diya (Dion), was accred...
General Index Of Vol Iv 3
...nder tapas 52, Mlecchas even think highly of f., according to Mahābhārata 51; observer of, had to give up certain actions such as chewing tāmbūla 53; Śāntiparva says that merely emaciating body by f. is not tapas 54 Father, debts of, should be paid acc. to Yaj by the sons or grandsons, even when they receive ...
...g in a garden of Tulasī (basil) plants or with a basil leaf in his mouth attains mokṣa even if guilty of crores of sins 187, enemies of, according to Śānti- parva 9, how ṃ incurs sin 10, m on whose death no piṇḍa was offered or the sixteen śrāddhas were not performed remained for long in the condition of a piśāca...
...apana, is expiation for acts called Jātubhramśakāra 118; is same as Brahmalūrca, according to some digests 147 Sāntīla chapter is Vāj S 36 10 ff. 151 Śāntiparva 9, 10, 25, 54, 74, 100n, 104, 164, 166, 170, 181, 185n, 187, 237, 349, 350, 364, 387n, 534, 540n, 570, 685n Śānti rite, after sañcayona 244-246, at the...
Volume V: Part I 13 references
Chapter Ii Vrata In Vedic Literature Sūtras And Smritis Definition And Importanc 1
...one should avoid on the fast day talk with one guilty of heavy sins, heterodox sectarians and atheists and speak- ing what is untrue and obscene. The Śāntiparva says ‘one engaged in vrata should not converse with women, śūdras and patitā’. The Brhadyogī-Yājñavalkyasmṛti104 observes• one should not ...
Chapter Iii Persons Entitled To Engage In Vratas Objects Desired By Means Of Vra 1
...vra-16">16 a passage of the Devipurāṇa to the effect that even mlecchas were authorized to perform vratas, if they had faith in them In the Śāntiparva (65 13-25) Indra is made to say to king Māndhātā that even Yavanas, Kirātas, Gandhāras, Cīnas, Śabaras, Barbaras, Śakas, Andhras and several others s...
Chapter Vii Vratas Called Nāgapanchamī Manasāpūjā Rakshābandhana Krishnajanmāsht 1
...lvation by faith. Weber holds that Śvetadvīpa was Alexandria, while Lassen holds that it was Parthia. If we read the description of Śvetadvīpa in the Śāntiparva ( chapters 336-339 and in such Purāṇas
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Chapter X Vijayādashāmī And Divālī 1
...u. In the Vanaparva (28 2) Bali asks his grandfather Prahlāda the question ‘which is better, kṣamā (for- bearance) or tejas’ (vigorous action) In the Śāntiparva 225 13 it is said that Bali felt jealous of brāhmaṇas The story of Bali who had become very powerful and made gods lose their tejas is narrated in Brahma...
List Of Vratas And Utsavas 1
...ish them in one's own house and worship with gandha &c , prayer to bulls calling them Dharma. Dharma is often spoken of as vṛṣa as in Manu VIII 16 (= Śāntiparva 90 15. **Vrsanavra'a**—(1) the same as Viṣṇuvrata (2) above; KKV 448 quoting Mat 101. 64, (3) on K pūrṇimā let loose a bull and observe nakṣta, tithi; Ś...
Chapter Xiv Conception Of Kāla 4
... reaches the highest goal. In Vanaparva Kṛṣṇa is identified with Brahma, Rudra, the Sun, the Moon, Dharma, Yama, Kāla &c. Vide for further references Śāntiparva 25. 5 ff, 224-225.
...Great Intelligence and beyond the latter, is the Great Time; beyond Time is the adorable Viṣṇu to whom belongs the whole world'. In another place the Śāntiparva, after detailing nineteen *guṇas* the last being *dvandva*- *yoga* (pairs of opposites such as pleasure and pain), remarks that the 20th *guṇa* beyon...
...la-10">10 in chapters 224 and 227 contains a long disquisition on the formidable influence of Kāla on all including gods like Indra. In the Śāntiparva it is asserted 'beyond the mind is the Great Intelligence and beyond the latter, is the Great Time; beyond Time is the adorable Viṣṇu to whom belongs t...
...ead or liberated), for Kāla is invincible'. The Strīparva has the following 'Kāla cooks all beings and Kāla destroys people; Kāla is invincible'. The Śāntiparva 10 in chapters 224 and 227...
Chapter Xvii Muhūrtas For Religious Rites 1
One should avoid starting in such a way as to face Venuṣ This belief is very old as the Śāntiparva and Kālidāsa refer to it.
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Chapter Xviii Calendar Eras Various Reckonings About Years Months Etc 1
The rules about what religious acts should be done or not done in an intercalary month will be dealt with a little later. The Śāntiparva refers to the kṣaya of saṁvatsaras, months, pakṣas and divasas (tithis)
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Chapter Xix Kalpa Manvantara Mahāyuga Yuga 2
... E. I, 23 p. 81. The theory of Yugas, Manvantaras and Kalpas is elaborated among ancient works in the Mahābhārata ( Vana-parva, chapters 149, 188 and Śāntiparva, chap 69 and 231-232 ), Manu I 61–74, 79–86, Viṣṇudharmasūtra chap 20. 1–21, Viṣṇu-purāṇa 1 3, 6 3, Brahmapurāṇa 5. 229–232, Matsya 142–145, Vāyu cha...
...g to the Purāṇas over 432000 years and of which only about 5057 years have gone by this time in 1956 ) are set forth in the Vanaparva, chap 188, 190, Śānti- parva 69. 80-97, the Harivamsa ( Bhavisyaparva, chap. 3–5 ff ), Brahmapurāṇa chap 229-230, Vāyu chap. 58 and 99 verses 391-428, Matsya 144 32-47, Kūrma I. 30, Viṣṇup...
Volume V: Part II 120 references
Chapter Xxiv Influence Of Purānas On Dharmashastra 9
... with such inanimate things as fuel-sticks, flowers and kuśa grass, the result must be similar (inanimate), since the effect is like the cause'. Vide Śāntiparva 337 for a story on the discussion between sages and gods about offering in sacrifices merely products of grains or goat-flesh. Offerings of flesh in sacr...
...the Mahābhārata 1523 (e. g. in Droṇaparva 192. 38, Śānti 265. 6, 329. 18, Anuśāsana 115, 25, 116. 38, Āśvamedhikaparva 28. 16-18, 43. 21). Śāntiparva (296. 22-24) enumerates thirteen virtues common to all men, of which freedom from cruelty and ahimsā are the first two. Vasiṣṭha IV. 4, Manu X. 63, Yaj. I 122 pre...
But among the original sources of the Bhakti cult are the Nārāyaṇīya section (chapters 335-351 of Citrāśala eḍ = cr. eḍ 322-339) of the Śāntiparva and the Bhagavadgītā. For the antiquity of Kṛṣṇa worship (vide pp. 129-131 above). Megasthenes states that Heracles (Harikṛṣṇa ?) was worshipped by S...
...(the One Reality in the Universe) there are five Siddhāntas (systems) viz. Sāṅkhya, Yoga, Pāñcarātra,1546 Vedas and Pāśupata’. ]Relying on Śāntiparva 339. 68 several writers particularly those of the Rāmānuja school assert that the whole of the Pāñcarātra system has Vedic authority, while others like Aparā...
In the Śāntiparva, Sātvata and Pāñcarātra are identified
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...h the Supreme Spirit, the full-fledged doctrine of Avatāras appeared as in the Gītā. The important works on bhakti are: The Nārāyaṇīya section of the Śāntiparva (chapters 322–351 in the Citraśālā edition and chap. 322-339 of the critical edition); the Bhagavadgītā; several Purāṇas, the most important being Vi...
...ear to have different ideas do in the end reach you, just as all rivers rising in mountains and flooded by rains enter the ocean from all sides’. The Śāntiparva
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...uence-of-purānas-on-dharmashastra-182">182 it is said that the past avatāras have been thousands and in future also they would be thousandṣ Śāntiparva says the same (I. 41. 27 ff) names only the following and their exploits, viz. Varāha, Narasiṁha, Vāmana, Dattātreya, Jāmadagnya (Paraśurāma), Rāma, ...
...er, mentioned by name in the Bhagavad-gītā. The number and names of the avatāras are not uniform in the Mahābhārata. In the Nārāyaṇīya section of the Śāntiparva (chap. 339. verses 77–102) only six avatāras and their exploits are expressly mentioned, viz. Varāha (bringing up the earth submerged in the ocean), ...
Chapter Xxviii Mīmāmsā And Dharmashastra 2
...n the Mahābhārata Sumantu, Jaimini, Vaiśampāyana, Paila are stated along with Śuka (the son of Vyāsa) to be the pupils of Vyāsa; vide Sabhā 4. 11 and Śāntiparva 328, 26–27 (cr. eḍ 314, 23–24, 29) and 350. 11–12 (cr. eḍ 337. 11–12). In the tarpaṇa provided for in the Āśvalāyanagṛhyasūtra (III. 4. 4) occurs the ver...
...his bhāṣya on VS II. 2. 42 he holds that Bādarāyaṇa was the author of the Mahābhārata, wherein the Pāñcarātra-śāstra is expounded at great length (in Śāntiparva chap. 334-339 = cr. eḍ 321 ff.) as also of the VS
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c
Chapter Xxix Some Fundamental Doctrines Of Pūrvamīmāmsā 1
...92">92 others had declared that the Vedas, the Smṛtis and the usages of those who know the Vedas are the sources of Dharma. Therefore, the *Śāntiparva* (137. 23, 135. 22 in Citrao eḍ) mentions dharmaśāstras and Anuśāsanaparva (45, 17) quotes gāthās from Yama's dharmaśāstra. Therefore, Jaimini had to...
Chapter Xxxi Dharmashastra And Sānkhya 17
...at he expounded the śāstra to many persons such as Janaka and Vasiṣṭha and thereby identifies Pañcaśikha with the teacher Pañcaśikha mentioned by the Śāntiparva (vide note 2186 below).
...pure śete puruṣaś-ceti kathyate', and Īśvara or brahma is not brought in anywhere in that chapter. Chapters 211-212 (containing in all 100 verses) of Śāntiparva deal with what Janaka, called Janadeva,
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... Self were recognized, from which arose the later official Sāṅkhya that discarded any supreme Ruler of the Universe. In the Nārāyaṇīya section of the Śāntiparva (quoted in note 1544 p. 954 above) 'Sāṅkhya, Yoga, Pāñcarātra, Vedas and Pāśupata are said to be knowledges (jñānāni) and 'nānamatāni' (different poi...
In many passages of the Śāntiparva 20 referen...
...umāra, Śukra and Kāśyapa (father of Viśvāvasu) and 336. 65 (Chitra eḍ 318. 67) states that Yājñavalkya had mastered completely both Sāṅkhya and Yoga. Śāntiparva 304. 4 (=316. 4 of Citra. eḍ) states that Sāṅkhya and Yoga are one.
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304.4
...orth.29 In Śāntiparva 306. 56-66 ( = Chitra eḍ 318. 58-62) Viśvāvasu tells Yājñavalkya that he has heard about the 25th tattva (i. e. Puruṣa) from Jaigīṣavya, Asita-Devala, Vārṣagaṇy...
...ैष्णव) doctrines, As he was called कपिलेय, it was probably imagined that his mother was Kapilā. fore, the doctrine of Pañcaśikha in these chapters of Śāntiparva is really advaita (monism) on which are grafted some doctrines similar to the later official Sāṅkhya for explaining creation and so forth.
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i
Pañcaśikha figures frequently in the Mahābhārata. In Śāntiparva, chap. 307 (containing only 14 verses ) Yudhiṣṭhira asks Bhīṣma how one can rise superior to old age and death,
...d no work before him and only knew by hearsay and tradition that Pañcaśikha was a great Sāṅkhya teacher. Prof. Keith holds that the Pañcaśikha of the Śāntiparva is not identical with Pañcaśikha, the author of Ṣaṣṭitantra (p. 48 of 'Sāṅkhya System').
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i
... work of Pañcaśikha but show him to be a wandering ascetic holding certain viewṣ The present writer believes that the author of these passages in the Śāntiparva had no work before him and only knew by hearsay and tradition that Pañcaśikha was a great Sāṅkhya teacher. Prof. Keith holds that the Pañcaśikha of t...
There are other chapters in the Śāntiparva where the peculiar Sāṅkhya doctrines and terminology are employed but they are brought in line with Vāsudeva or Highest Self to which the Sāṅkhya doc...
...-42">42 Asuri is mentioned by the S. Kārikā as the pupil of Kapila, also in a quotation in Yogasūtrabhāṣya on I. 25 (note 2251) and by the Śāntiparva (chap. 306). But no work is attributed to him and hardly any quotation from him is cited by writers on Sāṁkhya (except a verse quoted as his by Harib...
Not only in the Śāntiparva, but also in other parvans of the Mahābhārata, Sāṅkhya doctrines are dwelt upoṇ For example, the Aśvamedhika (in chap. 35. 47–48) speaks of sattva, r...
...ṣavya is quoted in Vyāsabhāṣya on Y. S. II, 55 for indriya- jaya (control over senses). He appears to be a Vedāntic writer on Yoga. Not only does the Śāntiparva dilate upon some of the peculiar doctrines associated with the later official doctrines of the S. Kārikā, but the Bhagavadgītā also does so. A few st...
...d upāṅgas and then of Ṣaṣṭitantra. This last may be a reference to Pāñca- śikha's work or simply to the 60 topics dwelt upon in the Sāṅkhya systeṃ In Śāntiparva (chap. 222) Yudhiṣṭhira asks Bhīṣma: by what character, conduct, lores and by being intent on what does a person reach the abode of Brahmā which is h...
In the dialogue between Viśvāvasu Gandharva and Yājñavalkya (in Śāntiparva, chap. 306) there is a long list of sages from whom Viśvāvasu says he learnt a great deal (in verses 56-60) but prays to Yājñavalkya
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It is not a vain boast when the Śāntiparva67 asserts ...
Chapter Xxxii Yoga And Dharmashastra 23
...the Mahābhārata, the Bhagavadgītā and the Purāṇas and their relationship to one another is the same in all these. In Śv. Up. VI. 13, Vanaparva 2. 15, Śāntiparva 1 228. 28, 289. ...
... as later than Yoga-Yājñavalkya-smṛti. Therefore, it is almost certain that the V. S. refutes the doctrines of that Yoga system that was known to the Śāntiparva.
In the Śāntiparva (cr. eḍ chap. 222 = Ch. eḍ chap. 229) there is a long dialogue between Jaigīṣavya and Asita about Yoga, one verse (14)
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... of the authors of the Mahābhāṣya and of the Yogasūtra. Whether the revision of Caraka’s work was done by the same Patañjali is very doubtful. In the Śāntiparva the founder of Cikitsita (medicine) is said to have been Kṛṣṇātreya and not Caraka nor Patañjali. The Caraka-saṃhitā uses the expression ‘*iti ha smā...
.... Though the present writer holds that the Yoga that is said to be refuted in V. S. II. 1. 3 is not that of the Yoga- sūtra but the Yoga found in the Śāntiparva, yet he is not prepared to place the present Yogasūtra earlier than the 2nd century B. C. Mr. K. K. Kolhatkar in his very exhaustive and learned Intr...
The Bhāṣya on Y. S. II. 42 quotes a verse with the words 'tathā coktam' (it has also been said), which is identical with a verse from the Śāntiparva.27 It is most ...
... ease and that one can stand easily on the sharp edges of razors, but to abide in Dhāraṇā of Yoga is difficult for those whose souls are not purifieḍ Śāntiparva 304. 1 states that there is no knowledge equal to Sānkhya and no spiritual power equal to Yoga; it further says that Yoga is eightfold (verse 7) and in vers...
...e same way a person who commends him or who speaks ill of him and should not contemplate the befalling of good or evil on any one. Chapter 289 of the Śāntiparva refers to Dhāraṇā (verse 37) and states that a yogin that has attained
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...ilates upon matters that pertain to the domain of Yoga. A few examples may be referred to here (the cr. eḍ of the Mahābhārata is relied upon). In the Śāntiparva, chap. 232 (241 of Ch. eḍ) it is stated
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... Yoga discipline he had to give up hiṁsā. Similarly, Smṛtis excused untruth on five occasions (vide Gautama 23. 29, Vasiṣṭha 16. 36, Ādiparva 82. 16, Śānti-parva 34. 25 and 165. 30, quoted in H. of Dh. vol. III, p. 353 and notes 536, 537). Manu in IV. 138 makes an exception for ordinary men viz. one should not speak ...
...mean that niyamas are forbidden but it means only this that yamas are far more important than niyamaṣ The words 'yama' and 'niyama' both occur in the Śāntiparva (cr. eḍ 326. 15 and 339. 16 of Ch. eḍ). Some Smṛtis omit them from the aṅgas of yoga probably because they are prescribed for all persons in general ...
...0 to 55) deal with the enumeration and definitions of yamas and niyamas, their explanations and the treatment of āsana, prāṇāyāma and pratyāhāra. The Śāntiparva (304.7 = 316.7 of Ch. eḍ) speaks of Yoga as 'aṣṭagupitā' or 'aṣṭagupin'. Out of the eight aṅgas the first five are indirectly useful for samādhi, bec...
Some regulations are prescribed about the food to be taken or avoided by a seeker after Yoga and about the places where he is to practise. The Śāntiparva82 of the Mahāb...
...103 or 'sabīja,' while prāṇāyāma not so accompanied is called 'agarbha' or 'abija' and it is said that 'sagarbha' is the better of the two. Śāntiparva (304. 9. cr. eḍ =Ch. eḍ 316. 9-10) speaks of saguṇa and nirguṇa prāṇāyāma. The Yogabhāṣya (on Y. S. II. 52) quotes a passage
...shastra-108">108 defines it as ‘the suppression or mastery over the organs of sense that are naturally attracted to objects of sense’. Vide Śāntiparva (cr. eḍ 232. 13) also.
...nise or apprehend the objectṣ Pratyāhāra is the checking of the outgoing activities of the mind and freeing it from being the slave of the senseṣ The Śāntiparva (cr. eḍ 188. 5-7 = Ch. eḍ 195. 6-7) speaks of it. The Viṣṇupurāṇa in V. 10. 14 (in describing Śarad, i. e. autumn, states 'Śarad removed the turbidne...
...al 'dhāraṇāsu ca yogyatā manasaḥ' (in Y. S. II. 53) employed by Patañjali himself. The Āśvamedhikaparva also employs the plural 'dhāraṇāsu'. Vide the Śāntiparva (cr. eḍ 188. 8-12 = Ch. eḍ 195.8). The Yājñavalkyasmṛti
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...e of 'concentrating all thoughts on one object'. The Śv. Up. ( I. 3 ) mentions dhyānayoga and also Gītā 18. 52 does so ( dhyānayoga-paro nityam). The Śāntiparva ( cr. eḍ 188. 13 ff = Ch. eḍ 195. 13–18) speaks of dhyāna. The Kṛtyakalpataru ( on Mokṣa p. 181 ) quotes a long prose passage from Devala-dharmasūtra...
...though it is known to the Maitrāyaṇi Up. (vide ṇ 2327 above). The word Samādhi occurs in the Bhagavadgītā (II. 53–54) and in Vanaparva (3. 11) and in Śāntiparva 195. 19–20, Ch. eḍ). The Viṣṇupurāṇa
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195.19-20
...and 3 more in this chapter
Chapter Xxxiii Tarka And Dharmashastra 1
...h is the inner light implanted in man by God), by the fear of public opinion, and by fear of punishment at the hands of the rulers of the State (vide Śāntiparva quoted in H. of Dh. vol III, p. 389 note 619). Those who reject the first of these would have to reject the 2nd also and would have to fall back upon...
Chapter Xxxiv Cosmology 3
...creatioṇ This is stated by the Vedāntasūtra II. 3. 14 (' *viparyayeņa tu kramo'ta upapadyate ca*' ). Śaṅkarācārya in his bhāṣya quotes a verse of the Śāntiparva in support of thiṣ 28
...imperishable and indestructible; but (when one speaks of death what is meant is) that the self has no longer any contact with material elements'. The Śāntiparva 2462 and the Gītā (II. 20, 21, 24, 25) say the same thing.
Accounts of creation occur frequently in the Mahābhārata, mostly in the Śāntiparva. All cannot be set out here, but a few would be describeḍ Chap. 175. 11-21 (=Ch. eḍ 182. 11-21) states that from God known as Avyakta all beings were...
Chapter Xxxv The Doctrine Of Karma And Punarjanma Transmigration Or Metempsychos 11
... the dark half of the month, the six months of the southern path of the Sun; the yogin reaching the moon-light by that path returns to this worlḍ The Śāntiparva 2525 of the Mahābhārata refers to the northern and southern paths, the latter of which is attained by gifts, study of Veda and sacrifices ...
...nsmigration (i. e. assumes various bodies)’. This is in reply to the question in Yāj. III. 129 (Īśvarah sa katham bhāvairaniṣṭaiḥ samprayujyate). The Śāntiparva
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... provides that the universe created by brahman persists through a vast period called Kalpa, after the lapse of which it is absorbed into brahmaṇ Vide Śāntiparva 231. 29–32 (Ch. eḍ = cr. eḍ 224. 28-31). It is stated in the Gītā VIII. 17–19 that the day of Brahmā is equal to one thousand yugas (four yugas make one unit or...
...rva asserts that there is no destruction of good and evil actions ; they ripen and produce results when the self passes from one body to another. The Śāntiparva (cr. eḍ 316. 25 and 35=ch. ed, 329. 25, 35 ) avers ‘a man by performing good deeds secures the state of a god, he is reborn as a human being by actio...
...hree and states that the fourth alternative alone is acceptable. Vide p. 1417 note 2325 for the text of the Yogabhāṣya on these four alternativeṣ The Śāntiparva (chap. 273. 33-34 of cr. eḍ =chap 280. 33-34 of ch. eḍ) mentions individual souls as of six colours viz. kṛṣṇa (dark), dhūmra (grey), nīla (blue), na...
...ad results are due to *daiva* and *puruṣakāra* and that the former is nothing but effort of former existences that has begun to manifest resultṣ The *Śāntiparva* (chap. 238. 4-5 = cr. eḍ 230. 4-5) refers to the fact that there are three views viz. either human effort or *daiva* or *svabhāva* being the cause, ...
...d that one is free in the present existence to mould the future (so far as he is concerned ) by means of meritorious workṣ This is the message of the Śāntiparva.
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...od of War (as in Gītā X. 24 ‘Senānīnām-aham Skandaḥ’) and in the Vana-parva 229. 22–23 he is mentioned as the commander of the armies of gods and the Śāntiparva mentions that Nārada approached Devala for knowledge about the creation and dissolution of the world (chap. 275=267 of Cr. eḍ). From this Deussen at ...
...path'. Whatever deed a man does, whether holy or very unholy (terrible), the consequences of that are experienced by the doer alone, what with that' (Śāntiparva 153. 38 and 41=cr. eḍ 149. 34 and 37).
...son"; 'May we we not have to suffer for the sin committed by another, may we not do that for which you punish (this is addressed to Viśve-devāḥ). The Śāntiparva, however, asserts 'whatever deed a man does in four ways viz. with eye, with thought, speech or action, he receives (in return) that same kind of act...
...ops are garnered and who performs homa in the five fires (to be kept by an householder) is taken away by a brāhmaṇa guest who stays unhonoured by hiṃ Śāntiparva, Viṣṇu Dh. S. and several Purāṇas provide that
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Chapter Xxxvi Fundamental And Leading Characteristics Of Hindu Culture And Civil 3
...erve but give up what was once Dharma, if it has come to be hateful to the people and if it would end in unhappiness (vide p. 1270 ṇ 2071 above). The Śāntiparva
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...f that stage such as wearing ochre-coloured garments, shaving the head, carrying three staffs and a water jar. They are condemned in the Mahābhārata, Śāntiparva 308. 47 ( cr. eḍ = 320. 47 Ch. eḍ) quoted in H. of Dh. Vol. II p. 936 n 2151b and above p. 1369 ṇ 2241 ). Yaj. III. 58 provides that the sannyāsin should be ...
...y matters is really pure and not one who washes himself with sand or water. Vide above pp. 1421-22 notes 2331 and 2333. It is worthy of note that the Śāntiparva (chapter 162. 4-5 = Cr. eḍ 156. 4-5) contains an apotheosis of Satya as the ancient Dharma and brahman itself and then in verses 7-9 Satya is stated ...
Index To Vol V 50
Āsuri, acc. to Sāṅkhya-kārikā, Yogasūtrabhāṣya and Śānti- parva received Sāṅkhya system from Kapilamuni and expound- ed it to Paiñcaśikha, 1356, 1372–73; an Ā. occurs in Vāmśas in Br. Up, as pupil of Bhāradvāja 13...
...48; diffe- rence between B. and Nārā- yanīya section 961–62; is styled Yogāśāstra and each chapter of it is also styled ‘Yoga’, 1426–27; mentioned in Śāntiparva, 653, 656; puts Japa-yajña as the highest among Yajñas, 172; Padma- purāṇa devotes 1005 verses to māhātmya of B. 967; proclaims that doing one’s work...
...of Bh. is that of Arjuna, 966 ; schools of Bh. formulated by Rāmānuja, Madhva, Caitanya, and Valla-bha 971 ; sources of the cult of bhakti other than Śāntiparva are Gītā, Bhāgavata and Viṣṇu-purāṇa, 956 ; Sāttvata or Pañcarātra proclaimed the path of bhakti 953 ; stories in Ṛg-veda hymns about Indra's and Var...
...n ; is not an action and is also different from jñāna (knowledge), acc. to Śāṇḍilya, 960 ; list of important works on 657-58 ; Nārāyaṇīya sec-tion in Śāntiparva and Gītā are among the original sourose of Bhakti cult, 952 ; Namaskāra (adoration or homage), apo-theosis of, in the Ṛgveda, 952 ; names of the exem...
...concerned with general welfare or the king 522ṇ Divyatattva 1106. Doig, Mr. Peter, 483. Dolotsava 317. Doṣas ( disturbances or faults ): 317; five in Śāntiparva 1400n; in Āp. Dh. S. (a larger number ) 1390, 1400ṇ Doubt is a frequent and legitimate attitude of the mind as recognized in Br. Up. 1478; Descartes held ...
...m 941. Dhamma-cakka-ppavattana-sutta 939ṇ Dhammapada, verses on who should be called brāhmaṇa 1005n, 1637. Dhāraṇā: Aṅga (6th) of Yoga, 1446–7; M. in Śāntiparva, 1400–1; meaning of, 1446. Dhāraṇīs (Talismanic sentences among Buddhists), 1104ṇ Dharma: (vide under ‘change’, Pūrvamīmāṁsā, Satya, Smṛti): differs ...
...y 1506n ; description of state before C. in Ṛg. X. 129 ; none in reality, acc. to PMS and Śloka-vārtika, 1209–10, 1483n ; Mahābhārata, parti- cularly Śāntiparvan, frequently states theories of C. 1517–18 ; purpose of the description of creation and dissolution in the Smṛtis, epics, Purāṇas, etc. is, acc. to K...
... by some method or other 24; prescribed for Dikṣitas of different varṇas 25. Forenoon : for gods, says Śat. Br., 72. Foreign Tribes and people : ṃ in Śāntiparva, chap. 224, (cr. eḍ) and Manusmṛti, 1518. Fortnight ( pakṣa ) mentioned very early 670. Fotheringham, Prof. J. K. 566, 644, 646, 647n, 676n, 682. Fou...
... Hipparchus (about 140 B. C.) : Ptolemy based his work on the work.of, 514n, 683. Hiranyagarbha, praised as creator and identified with Prajāpati and Śāntiparva says that he is announced in Yogasūtras as author 1371, 1391, 1489-90. Hiranyakeśīgrhya, 622. Hiriyanna, Prof. M., a. of 'Out-lines of Indian Philoso...
...nd Sulabhā and her scathing remarks against J. 1368-70; learned from Pañca-śikha the whole doctrine of mokṣa as based on Upaniṣad 12 passages acc. to Śāntiparva, 1369-70; learnt from yajña-valkya the doctrine of brāhmaṇa acc. to Br. Up. 1370, 1377-79; offered to become slave of Yājñavalkya 1580. Janamejaya, s...
...m, a. of 'Varieties of religious experience' and of 'Pragmatism' 1212, 1475, 1483, 1486, 1650ṇ Janaka, king of Mithilā, a pupil of Pañcaśikha acc. to Śāntiparva, 1365-70; had reached a position of unconcern about worldly goods and power 1367n, 1369; dialogue between J. and Sulabhā and her scathing remarks aga...
..., 1527, 1544-45; commentator Upavarṣa on, 735n, 821; pupil of Vyāsa, acc to Sāmavidhāna Brāhmaṇa, 1161; received Sāmaveda from Vyāsa, 1161; Sabhā and Śānti parvans and Purāṇas on 1161; sūtras of V. S. in which J. is named, 1162. Jaimini, a. of a smṛti, 249ṇ Jaiminiya Brāhmaṇa 1117. Jaiminīya Gṛhyasūtra 733 (ad...
...a 106ṇ Jaigiṣavya, ṃ as Sāṁkhya-yoga teacher in Śāntiparva 1374, 75 ( dialogues of J. and Asita Devala ), 1391-92 ( a great Yoga teacher in Śalya and Śānti parvans ), 1398, 1444 ( Yogabhāṣya on Y. S. II. 54 follows J. ). Jaimini ( vide under Bādarāyaṇa, Mīmāṁsā, Pūrvamīmāṁsā, Vyāsa ): a. of Pūrvamīmāṁsā- sūtra...
...an astronomy in E. I. 644. Jagdish Lal, editor of Yogayātrā 627ṇ Jāgara, 26 items of, in Ekādaśī- vrata 106ṇ Jaigiṣavya, ṃ as Sāṁkhya-yoga teacher in Śāntiparva 1374, 75 ( dialogues of J. and Asita Devala ), 1391-92 ( a great Yoga teacher in Śalya and Śānti parvans ), 1398, 1444 ( Yogabhāṣya on Y. S. II. 54 follow...
... end, is all-embracing and is identified with God 473-4; Śāntiparva on the formidable influence of K. on all including even Indra and other gods 467; Śāntiparva speaks of Kāla as 20th guṇa and to be the source and end of all beings 467; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa uses it in sense of time or 'proper' time 464; Śvetāśv...
...is invincible, acc. to Ādiparva 166-467; Purāṇas on K. hold that time is without beginning or end, is all-embracing and is identified with God 473-4; Śāntiparva on the formidable influence of K. on all including even Indra and other gods 467; Śāntiparva speaks of Kāla as 20th guṇa and to be the source and end...
...k. did not identify many verses quoted in it, e. g. on p. 1448 ( eight verses from Śān- khasmṛti and six from Dakṣa- smṛti ), 1458 ( four verses from Śāntiparva ); on Brahma- cārikāṇḍa 820n, 870-71, 897, 926n, 1262 ( on five cate- gories of smṛti contents ); on Gṛhasthakāṇḍa 925n, 947n; on Mokṣa 1112n, 1217 (...
Kṣetra, 24 tattvas are so called in Śāntiparva, 1365.
Kṣetrajña, the soul is so called in Śāntiparva, 1365.
...yā), 1241n, 1252, 1258n (quotes his own work Smṛti- viveka), 1273n, 1286, 1312n- 3n, 1321, 1376n, 1469ṇ Medicine, founder of, is Kṛṣṇāt- reya acc. to Śāntiparvan and not Caraka nor Patañjali 1396 ; muhūrta for beginning to take ṃ 626 ; views differ as to first propounder of medical science 1396. Megasthenes, ...
...and 30 more in this chapter